Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology
US Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika, Estados Unidos de América, États-Unis d'Amérique, Stati Uniti d'America, United States of America
Zahlen, Número, Nombre, Numero, Number
Zahlentheorie, Teoría de números, Théorie des nombres, Teoria dei numeri, Number Theory
Algebraische Zahlentheorie, Teoría de números algebraicos, Théorie algébrique des nombres, Teoria algebrica dei numeri, Algebraic number theory
It can be very difficult to figure out what sort of prefix to use, and there are plenty of exceptions to the rules.
In general, these words are made by combining a prefix derived from Latin or Greek number words and a suffix indicating the type or category of the thing being counted. If you know a lot of word etymologies, you can usually figure out whether a word takes a Latin or Greek numerical prefix if you can tell whether the suffix you want to use is Latin or Greek in origin.
However, if you can't work out the etymology, it's probably best to just look at the lists below, which indicate which prefixes are used with which suffixes. Besides, there are exceptions to this general rule.
Latin prefixes (uni, bi, tri ...) are normally used for the following categories.
mathematical bases "-al"
adjectives of relation "-nary"
groups of musicians "-tet"
words for multiples of something "-uple"
number of years between two events "-ennial"
number of sides of something "-lateral"
words for large numbers / exponents "-illion"
less common categories: number of leaflets or petals on a leaf or flower "-foliate", chemical valencies "-valent"; division into parts "-partite" or "-fid".
...
Let's turn to the Greek prefixes (mono, di, tri ...), which are used for the following categories:
number of sides of plane figures "-gon"
number of faces of solid figures "-hedron"
number of angles in a shape or line "-angle"
number of rulers in a government "-archy"
number of meters in a poetic verse"-meter"
number of objects in a group "-ad"
number of events in an athletic competition "-athlon"
less common categories: numbers of syllables in words "-syllabic"; sets of books or other works "-logy"; number of fingers "-dactylic"; number of languages spoken "-glot"; number of parts "-merous"; number of columns "-style"; amount of carbon in many chemical molecules "-ane", "-ene", "-yne".
...
Table 1: Latin-Prefixed Numerical Words
Table 2: Greek-Prefixed Numerical Words
Table 3: Latin Numerical Words: 13 to 1000
Table 4: Greek Numerical Words: 13 to 1000
6
64 dollar question, sixty-four-dollar question (W3)
Die Frage nach der Herkunft von "64 dollar question" das ist auch schon fast eine 64 Dollar-Frage.
Sie geht zurück auf eine Fernsehsendung in den 50er Jahren, genannt "The $64,000 Question".
(E3)(L1) http://www.jargon.net/jargonfile/
When one wishes to specify a large but random number of things, and the context is inappropriate for N, certain numbers are preferred by hacker tradition (that is, easily recognized as placeholders). These include the following:
17 - Long described at MIT as "the least random number"; see 23.
23 - "Sacred number of Eris", "Goddess of Discord" (along with 17 and 5).
42 - The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything ("what is 6 times 9", correct in base 13). (Note that this answer is completely fortuitous. :-))
69 - From the sexual act. This one was favored in MIT's ITS culture.
For further enlightenment, study the "Principia Discordia", "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "The Joy of Sex", and the Christian Bible (Revelation 13:18). See also Discordianism or consult your pineal gland. See also for values of.
Artemy Lebedev
§ 91. A short history of telephone numbers
June 18, 2002
The Scottish inventor Alexander Graham Bell is credited with speaking the first words by telephone on March 10, 1876: “Mr. Watson —Come here—I want to see you”. To call his assistant sitting next door, Bell didn’t have to dial a number: there were only two phone sets in the world at that time.
...
How they did it
Americans who were to encounter the problem of 7-digit numbers sooner that any other nation, found a mnemonic solution to the problem (it was generally believed back then that 7-digit numbers were hard to memorize): the first three digits were replaced with letters some word started with. For technical reasons no telephone number in the US started with "1". For historical reasons "zero" was always used to call the operator. As a result, any American telephone number could start with any figure but "1" and "0".
...
Erstellt: 2011-12
att - Numbers
(E?)(L?) http://home.att.net/~wegast/symbols/numbers/numbers.htm
Some numbers have taken on specific meanings because of the way in which they are repeatedly used in scripture. It is wise, however, not to attach more meaning to biblical numbers than is permitted by the context of their use.
(E?)(L?) http://webopedia.com/TERM/g/gigabyte.html
"Gigabyte" (GB) bezeichnet 2**30 (= 1,073,741,824) Bytes, was etwa 10**9 = 1,000,000,000 Bytes sind.
Gebildet wurde "Gigabyte" zu griech. "gígas" = "riesig gross" (vgl. "Gigant").
The smallest non-abelian simple group (the alternating group on 5 elements) has order 60, in particular 60 is the smallest composite which is the order of a simple group
60 is the smallest product of the sides of a Pythagorean triangle
(E?)(L?) http://webopedia.com/TERM/P/petabyte.html
"Petabyte" bezeichnet 2**50 (= 1,125,899,906,842,624) Bytes, was etwa 10**15 = 1,000,000,000,000,000 Bytes sind.
Gebildet wurde "Petabyte" zu griech. "penta" = "fünf".
Q
R
random
Zufallgenerator
(E?)(L?) http://www.random.org/
Hier kann man Zufallszahlen zwischen -1.000.000.000 und 1.000.000.000 generieren, auch in Hexadecimal, Decimal, Octal, Binary, verschiedene Münzen werfen und Zufalls-Bitmaps von max. 512 mal 512 Pixeln generieren lassen.
What's this fuss about true randomness?
Perhaps you have wondered how predictable machines like computers can generate randomness. In reality, most random numbers used in computer programs are pseudo-random, which means they are a generated in a predictable fashion using a mathematical formula. This is fine for many purposes, but it may not be random in the way you expect if you're used to dice rolls and lottery drawings.
RANDOM.ORG offers true random numbers to anyone on the Internet. The randomness comes from atmospheric noise, which for many purposes is better than the pseudo-random number algorithms typically used in computer programs. People use RANDOM.ORG for holding drawings, lotteries and sweepstakes, to drive games and gambling sites, for scientific applications and for art and music. The service has existed since 1998 and was built and is being operated by Mads Haahr of the School of Computer Science and Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin in Ireland.
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Background & Stats:
About Randomness | History of RANDOM.ORG | Randomness Quotations | General FAQ | Guide to Random Drawings | Video Guide to Giveaways? | Real-Time Statistics | Statistical Analysis | Your Quota | Testimonials | Media and Citations | Acknowledgements | Newsletter | Disclaimer
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(E?)(L?) http://webopedia.com/TERM/T/terabyte.html
"Terabyte" (TB) bezeichnet 2**40 (= 1,099,511,627,776) Bytes, was etwa 10**12 = 1,000,000,000,000 Bytes sind.
Gebildet wurde "Terabyte" zu griech. "téras" = "etwas ungewöhnlich Großes".
"The Prime Glossary" is your Internet guide to the terminology of prime numbers. We began this project at The Prime Pages in early 1998 to provide simple, terse definitions of words and names related to prime numbers. When appropriate, the glossary includes links to other pages with fuller definitions and information.
The Largest Known Primes Database, The "Guinness book" of prime number records! Includes the 5000 largest known primes and smaller ones of selected forms (one-page summary) updated daily! What are the Prime pages?
Prime Links Hundreds of links to other prime resources including history, programs, theory and more!
Lists of Primes The first 1,000 primes. The first 15,000,000 primes. Top 20 records (e.g., twin primes, Mersenne primes...) Lists of 300 digit primes. And much more!
Finding primes, proving primality Explains the mathematical theory behind how these record primes are found.
How many are there? Infinity, but How Big of an Infinity?
The Largest Known Prime by Year: A Brief History Discusses how big have the largest known primes been historically (and uses that to predict how big they will be)!
More prime resources
Conjectures and Open Problems
A short list of conjectures and open problems relating to primes.
The Riemann Hypothesis
One of the most important conjectures in prime number theory. When (and if) it is proven, many of the bounds on prime estimates can be improved and primality proving can be simplified.
Prime Curios!
"Prime Curios!" is an exciting collection of curiosities, wonders and trivia related to prime numbers.
Prime Glossary
Definition of terms related to prime numbers and primality.
Check a Number's Primality
A simple routine to check most small numbers for primality.
Important Discovery: "Primes in P"
Primality can be tested in deterministic polynomial time--this is of great theoretical value; but of questionable practical value.
(E?)(L?) http://primes.utm.edu/glossary/
3-perfect | 3-primes problem | 3-tupl | 4-perfect | 4-tuple | absolute prime | abundant number | admissible k-tuple | algebraic numbers | aliquot | aliquot cycle | aliquot sequence | almost all | almost every | amicable | amicable number | arithmetic progression | arithmetic sequence | asymptotic to | asymptotically | asymptotically equal | base | Beal's conjecture | Benford's law | Bernoulli numbers | Bertrand's postulate | big-O | big-oh | Brun's constant | canonical form of a factorization | Carmichael number | Catalan conjecture | Catalan problem | ceiling function | ceiling( ) | certificate | certificate of primality | Chinese remainder theorem | circular prime | complete system of residues | completely multiplicative functions | composite | composite number | compositorial | compositorial prime | congruence | congruence class | congruent | conjecture | constellation | coprime | countable | Cullen number | Cullen prime | Cullen prime (of the second kind) | Cullen prime of the 2nd kin | Cullen prime of the second kind | Cunningham chain | Cunningham project | Cyclotomy | d( ) | deficient number | deletable prime | Dickson's conjecture | diophantine equation | Diophantus | Dirichlet's Theorem | divides | divisor | economical number | ECPP | Elements | elliptic curve primality proving | emirp | equadigital number | Eratosthenes | Eratosthenes' sieve | Erdös | Euclid |
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| first digit law | first digit phenomenon | floor function | floor( ) | FLT | formula for the primes | Fortunate number | Fortune's conjecture | Frobenius Pseudoprime | frugal number | full period prime | full period prime | fundamental theorem of algebra | Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic | gamma | gaps | gaps between primes | Gaussian Mersenne | Gaussian Mersenne primes | gcd | Generalized Cullen number | generalized Cullen prime | generalized Cullen prime (of the second kind) | Generalized Fermat | generalized Fermat number | Generalized Fermat prime | generalized repunit | generalized repunit prime | generalized unique | generalized unique prime | generalized Woodall number | generalized Woodall prime | geometric sequence | geometric series | gigantic | gigantic prime | Gilbreath's conjecture | GIMPS | Goldbach's conjecture | Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search | greatest common divisor | greatest integer function | heuristic | heuristic argument | heuristically | high jumper | hypothesis H | illegal prime | infinite | infinite set | invertible prime | irrational | irrational number | irregular prime | irregularity index | Ishango Bone | Jacobi symbol | jumping champion | k-perfect | k-tuple | k-tuple conjecture | k-tuplet | Lame's Theorem | law of small numbers | lcm | least common multiple | least integer function | least nonnegative residues | left-to-right binary exponentiation | left-truncatable prime | Legendre symbol | Leonhard Euler | less-fortunate number | lim | limit of | linear congruential sequences | Linnik's Constant | little oh | little-o | log | Lucas Number | Lucas prime | Lucas sequence | Mascheroni's constant | Matijasevic's polynomial | mega prime | megaprime | Mersenne divisor | Mersenne number | Mersenne prime | Mersenne's conjecture | Mersennes | Mertens' Theorem | Miller's test | Mills prime | Mills' constant | Mills' theorem | minimal prime | mod | modulo | multifactorial | multifactorial prime | multiplicative function | multiplicity of a zero | multiply perfect | mutually relatively prime | natural logarithm | new Mersenne conjecture | new Mersenne prime conjecture | NSW number | NSW prime | number of divisors | o( ) | O( ) | odd Goldbach conjecture | open question | order of | pairwise relatively prime |
| palprime | Paul Erdös | Pepin's Test | perfect number | period of a decimal expansion | period of a prime | permutable prime | phi function | phi( ) | Pierpont prime | Pierre de Fermat | position numbering system | powerful number | primality certificate | prime | prime 3-tuple | prime 4-tuple | prime constellation | prime gap | prime k-tuple conjecture | prime k-tuplet |
| prime quadruple | prime quadruples | prime triple | prime-prime | primeval | primeval number | primitive part | primorial | primorial prime | probable primality | probable prime | probable prime test | proper divisor | Proth prime | PRP | pseudoprimality | pseudoprime | pseudoprime base | PSP | public key | public key cryptosystem | Pythagoras | Pythagorean | Pythagorean triple | quadratic non-residue | quadratic residue | radix | radix-point | rational number | regular prime | relatively prime | repeating decimal expansion | repunit | repunit prime | residues | Riemann hypothesis | Riemann zeta function | Riesel number | right-to-left binary exponentiation | right-truncatable prime | roots | roots of a function | RSA | RSA cryptosystem | RSA encryption example | same order of magnitude | Schnirelmann's constant | semiprime | sequence |
| sieve of Eratosthenes | sigma function | sigma( ) | Smith number | snowball prime | sociable numbers | Sophie Germain prime | SPRP | square number | standard form of a factorization | Stirling's formula | strobogrammatic | strobogrammatic prime | strong law of small numbers | strong probable prime | sum of divisors | super-prime | system of residues | tables of primes | tau( ) | tetradic (or 4-way) prime | tetradic prime | the Arithmetica |
| titan | titanic | titanic prime | totient function | transcendental numbers | triadic (or 3-way) prime | triadic prime | trial division | triangular number | truncatable prime | twin prime | twin prime conjecture | twin prime constant | uncountable | unique | unique prime | Vinogradov | Wall-Sun-Sun prime | Well-Ordering Principle | wheel factorization | Wieferich prime | Wilson composite | Wilson prime | Wilson prime | Wilson's theorem | Wolstenholme prime | Woodall number | Woodall prime | zeros | zeta function | zeta functions |
Auf der Seite wird zwar erklärt, dass "yotta" gwählt wurde weil es der zweit-letzte Buchstabe im lateinischen Alphabet ist und wie der griechische Buchstabe "iota" (neunter / zehnter (?) Buchstabe des griechischen Alphabets) klingt; aber mir erscheint diese Erklärung nicht ausreichend. Man hätte auch eine beliebige andere Grosse Zahl so bezeichnen können.
Auf der Seite wird zwar erklärt, dass "zeta" gwählt wurde weil es der letzte Buchstabe im lateinischen Alphabet ist und wie der griechische Buchstabe "Zeta" (sechster Buchstabe des griechischen Alphabets) klingt; aber da man beliebig viel Zahlen (und damit auch 2er-Potenzen) konstruieren kann, die grösser sind als 2**70 erscheint mir diese Erklärung nicht ausreichend.