Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Zahlen, Número, Nombre, Numero, Number
Zahlentheorie, Teoría de números, Théorie des nombres, Teoria dei numeri, Number Theory
Algebraische Zahlentheorie, Teoría de números algebraicos, Théorie algébrique des nombres, Teoria algebrica dei numeri, Algebraic number theory

A

B

baker's dozen

(E?)(L?) http://www.owad.de/archive.html
(E1)(L1) http://www.wordsmith.org/awad/
(E6)(L1) http://www.dingbatpages.com/bakers.html
= "Dreizehn".
Es gibt eine Nikolaus-Geschichte um einen Bäcker, der durch leidvolle Erfahrung lernen musste, dass er, wenn er dreizehn Teile für "ein Dutzend" gibt, seine Kunden glücklich macht. Und natürlich auch mehr verkauft.

= thirteen
In the Middle Ages in England there were severe penalties for anyone who gave short weight. Bakers were often uneducated and unable to count. To guard against miscounting twelve as eleven they habitually gave thirteen loaves when selling a dozen.

Benford's law (W3)

Das "Benfordsche Gesetz", engl. "Benford's law", ist benannt nach dem amerikanischen Physiker "Frank Benford".

Der amerikanische Physiker "Frank Benford" veröffentlichte 1938 eine erstaunliche Tabelle: Er hatte Daten gesammelt (z.B. die Längen von rund 300 Flüssen) und dann gezählt, wieviele dieser Längen mit der Ziffer 1 beginnen, respektive mit der Ziffer 2, 3 usw. Er stellte fest, dass die Ziffer 1 weit häufiger als führende Ziffer auftritt als etwa die Ziffer 7. Dabei kommt es nicht darauf an, ob die Längen in Meilen oder Kilometern gemessen werden. Benfords Tabelle zeigte dasselbe Phänomen nicht nur bei Flusslängen, sondern auch bei Auflagen von Zeitungen, Einwohnerzahlen von Städten, Halbwertszeiten radioaktiver Isotope, Fibonacci-Zahlen usw.

(E?)(L?) http://www.english-dictionary.us/meaning/benfords_law.asp
(E?)(L?) http://xlinux.nist.gov/dads//
(E?)(L?) http://www.oedilf.com/db/Lim.php?Word=Benford's law
Limericks on Benford's law

(E1)(L1) http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?corpus=0&content=Benford's law
Abfrage im Google-Corpus mit 15Mio. eingescannter Bücher von 1500 bis heute.

Engl. "Benford's law" taucht in der Literatur um das Jahr 1980 auf.

Erstellt: 2011-10

Bicycle (W3)

Lat. "bi" = [zwei] und griech. "kyklos" = [Kreis, Rad], also Zweirad.
(A: roge)

C

catch-22 (W3)

(E1)(L1) http://www.takeourword.com/
(E1)(L1) http://www.word-detective.com/
(E1)(L1) http://www.wordorigins.org/
(E1)(L1) http://www.wordsmith.org/awad/
(E1)(L1) http://www.yourdictionary.com/cgi-bin/wotdarch.cgi
= "a dilemma from which there is no escape" = "Zwickmühle"; comes from the title of a 1961 novel by Joseph Heller;

In Joseph Hellers Roman geht es darum, dass die Hauptfigur - Captain Yossarian - aus dem Kriegsdienst bei einer amerikanischen Bombenstaffel im Italien des Zweiten Weltkriegs entlassen werden will, weil er verrückt sei. Er führt die "verrücktesten" Dinge auf, um entlassen zu werden, aber er wird immer wieder in Bombereinsätze geschickt. Argument des Militärarztes: "Wer sich von diesem Krieg drücken will, kann nicht verrückt sein!" daher kriegsdiensttauglich!
(A: roge)

D

doyen

the senior, most experienced member of a group
German Translation: der Rangälteste (ein Rangältester), der Wortführer
Doyen is from French, from Late Latin decanus, "leader or chief of ten persons," from decem, "ten."
Hierher gehört auch der Dezember, der ursprünglich der 10te Monat war.

E

F

G

grammarbook
Writing Numbers

(E?)(L?) http://grammarbook.com/numbers/numbers.asp

Rule 1:

Spell out single-digit whole numbers. Use numerals for numbers greater than nine.

Examples:

I want five copies.
I want 10 copies.

...

Erstellt: 2011-12

H

I

inria
Mathematical Constants

(E?)(L?) http://algo.inria.fr/bsolve/constant/constant.html

Mathematical Constants
by Steven R. Finch
Dedicated to the memory of Philippe Flajolet

My book Mathematical Constants is now available for online purchase from Cambridge University Press (in the United Kingdom, North America and Australia). It is far more encompassing and detailed than my website ever was. It is also lovingly edited and beautifully produced - many thanks to Cambridge! - please support us in our publishing venture. Thank you. (If you wish, see several very kind reviews. You can also search the book via Amazon and Google by keyword.)

Here are errata and addenda to the book (last updated 8/4/2011), as well sample essays from the book about integer compositions, optimal stopping and Reuleaux triangles. Here also are recent supplementary materials, organized by topic:

Number Theory and Combinatorics

Bipartite, k-colorable and k-colored graphs (6/5/2003)
Transitive relations, topologies and partial orders (6/5/2003)
Series-parallel networks (7/7/2003)
Two asymptotic series (12/10/2003)
Multiples and divisors (1/27/2004)
Discrepancy and uniformity (2/19/2004)
Unitarism and infinitarism (2/25/2004)
Erdös' minimum overlap problem (7/2/2004)
Planar graph growth constants (8/25/2004)
Tauberian constants (8/30/2004)
Integer partitions (9/22/2004)
Class number theory (5/26/2005)
Quadratic Dirichlet L-series (7/15/2005)
Elliptic curves over Q (10/10/2005)
Modular forms on SL2(Z) (12/28/2005)
Chebyshev's bias (4/26/2006)
Pattern-avoiding permutations (4/27/2006)
Cyclic group orders (4/28/2006)
Dedekind eta products (1/10/2007)
Series involving arithmetic functions (1/24/2007)
Riemann zeta moments (3/22/2007)
Central binomial coefficients (3/28/2007)
Fractional parts of Bernoulli numbers (4/10/2007)
Products of consecutive-integer ratios (4/19/2007)
Prime number theorem (4/27/2007)
Mertens' formula (5/4/2007)
Cyclotomic polynomials (3/31/2008)
Minkowski-Alkauskas constant (5/6/2008)
Two-colorings of positive integers (5/27/2008)
Signum equations and extremal coefficients (2/7/2009)
Monoids of natural numbers (3/17/2009)
Primitive cusp forms (4/27/2009)
Cubic and quartic characters (6/5/2009)
Distribution of error terms (9/9/2009)

Inequalities and Approximation

Hardy-Littlewood maximal inequalities (10/12/2003)
Bessel function zeroes (10/23/2003)
Nash's inequality (11/4/2003)
Uncertainty inequalities (11/7/2003)
Airy function zeroes (7/19/2004)
Projections of minimal norm (11/30/2004)
Bohr's inequality (12/5/2004)
Moduli of continuity (12/22/2004)
Quinn-Rand-Strogatz constant (4/27/2008)
Tsirelson's constant (8/19/2008)
Mathieu eigenvalues (10/7/2008)
Thomas-Fermi model (10/15/2008)
Prandtl-Blasius flow (11/12/2008)
Lane-Ritter-Emden constants (11/30/2008)
Brachistochrone problem (12/17/2008)
Radiative transfer equations (12/30/2008)

Real and Complex Analysis

Radii in geometric function theory (1/5/2004)
Numerical radii of linear operators (4/5/2005)
Coefficient estimates for univalent functions (12/15/2004)
Planar harmonic mappings (3/29/2005)
Constant of interpolation (4/5/2005)
Dirichlet integral (5/15/2008)
Dyadic UMD constants (3/24/2009)

Probability and Stochastic Processes

Hammersley's path process (4/5/2004)
Moments of sums (4/23/2004)
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process (5/15/2004)
Zero crossings (5/19/2004)
Variants of Brownian motion (6/12/2004)
Shapes of binary trees (6/24/2004)
Expected lifetimes and inradii (2/23/2005)
Subcritical Galton-Watson trees (3/1/2007)
Continued fraction transformation (5/23/2007)
Continued fraction transformation. II (6/15/2007)
Continued fraction transformation. III (7/1/2007)
Continued fraction transformation. IV (7/18/2007)
Lyapunov exponents (11/19/2007)
Lyapunov exponents. II (11/20/2007)
Lyapunov exponents. III (11/21/2007)
Lyapunov exponents. IV (3/18/2008)
Stars and watermelons (4/26/2008)
Prophet inequalities (5/9/2008)
Excursion durations (5/12/2008)
Gambler's ruin (6/19/2008)
Self-convolutions (3/2/2009)
Newcomb-Benford law (8/17/2011)

Geometry and Topology

Knots, links and tangles (8/8/2003)
Convex lattice polygons (12/18/2003)
Volumes of hyperbolic 3-manifolds (9/5/2004)
Poisson-Voronoi tessellations (3/11/2005)
Optimal escape paths (5/30/2005)
Minkowski-Siegel mass constants (1/9/2005)
Slicing problem (4/5/2005)
Constant of Theodorus (4/9/2005)
Nearest-neighbor graphs (4/25/2008)
Random triangles (1/21/2010)
Random triangles. II (2/9/2010)
Random triangles. III (4/30/2010)
Random triangles. IV (5/14/2010)
Random triangles. V (12/22/2010)
Random triangles. VI (1/7/2011)
Colliding dice probabilities (7/29/2011)

Erstellt: 2012-01

J

K

L

M

N

nine - to be on cloud nine

(E?)(L?) http://www.neun.de/
= "to be very happy" (wunschlos glücklich)
stammt aus der Zeit, in der der US-Wetterdienst die Wolken in neun Kategorien eingeteilt hatte. Und Nr. 9 waren die höchsten Wolken.
The term comes from meteorologists (weather experts) who will tell you that the highest clouds are about eight miles high. To be on cloud nine means to be even higher, and therefore ecstatically happy.
- to be over the moon
- to be in seventh heaven
In America you may hear the term, to be "on cloud seven" which means to be in a narcotic trance or "on a high".

nine to five

(E?)(L?) http://www.barrypopik.com/article/1246/from-nine-to-five
= "9:00-17:00h"; these are the typical office hours; A "nine to five" attitude is a "work ethic which is not very strong" = "keinen Strich mehr als notwendig".

Number (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number

numberwatch
Number Watch

(E?)(L?) http://www.numberwatch.co.uk/

All about the scares, scams, junk, panics, and flummery cooked up by the media, politicians, bureaucrats, so-called scientists and others who try to confuse you with wrong numbers.

Working to combat Math Hysteria.

It is a pleasure to stand upon the shore, and to see ships tost upon the sea: a pleasure to stand in the window of the castle and to see the battle and the adventures thereof below: but no pleasure is comparable to the standing upon the vantage ground of truth ( a hill not to be commanded and where the air is always clear and serene), and to see the errors, and wanderings, and mists, and tempests, in the vale below.
From Of Truth, Francis Bacon

(E?)(L?) http://www.numberwatch.co.uk/number%20watch.htm

Contents

Number of the month
Book reviews
Essays
March of the zealots
In praise of carbon
Global warming as religion
How we know they know they are lying
Links
Best of the blogs and the worst
FAQs
The complete lists: Cancer and Global Warming
Recent bookmarked entries
Contact Information
Comments and Suggestions
Sorry, wrong number! The first book of the web site
The epidemiologists The NEW book of the web site
Bits and pieces
Statistical stuff happens (presentation)
Guest papers
Home page
Join The Number Watch Forum
Correspondence received
The Laws
Vocabulary
And finally

Erstellt: 2011-12

O

one, eins (W3)

Im "Appendix I - Indo-European Roots" erfährt man, welche Wörter zur Verwandschaft von engl. "one". dt. "eins" gehören. Als Urahn wird ein ie. "oi-no-" angenommen.

Daraus leiten sich ab:

engl. "a" = "ein", "eine"
engl. "alone" = "allein" (etwa "ganz einzig"), "einsam" (= "alleinsam", etwa "allein und nur allein")
engl. "an" = "ein", "eine"
engl. "anon" = "bald", "sogleich" (vielleicht im Sinne von "eins weiter", also "als nächstes")
engl. "any" (= "irgendein"), from Old English "änig" = "one", "anyone", from Germanic "*ainigaz"
engl. "atone" = "sühnen", "wiedergutmachen" (vielleicht im Sinne von "wieder eins machen" ???)
engl. "atonement" = "Wiedergutmachung" kam im 16. Jh. auf als Kombination von "at onement" = "set at one", "reconcile" = "in Einklang bringen"
engl. "coadunate" = "???"
dt. "Einkorn", eine Weizenart
dt. "eins"
engl. "eleven" (= "elf" = "eins übrig"), from Old English "endleofan", "eleven", from Germanic compound "*ain-lif-" = "one left (beyond ten)", "eleven" ("*lif-", "left over"; see "*leikw-")
engl. "inch" (geht zurück auf aengl. "ynce", lat. "uncia" = "Unze" = "ein Zwölftel")
engl. "indricothere" = "Indricotherium" (der größte bekannte Landsäuger aller Zeiten (30t, Höhe 5,4m) lebte im Oligozän in Pakistan und China), from Old Russian "inu" = "one" (weiterer Zusammenhang unklar)
lat. "non" = "not" ("*ne-oinom" = "not one thing"; see "ne").
engl. "lone" = "einsam" (vgl. "alone")
engl. "lonely" = "einsam" (vgl. "alone")
engl. "none" = "not one", from Old English "an", "one"
engl. "once" = "einmal"
engl. "one" = "eins"
engl. "ounce" = "Unze", from Latin "uncia" = "one twelfth of a unit"
engl. "triune" = "dreieinig"
dt. "turnverein", from Old High German "ein" = "one"
engl. "unanimous" = "einstimmig", "einmütig", "einig" (= "eine Seele"), (lat. "unanimus", "unus" = "einer" und "animus" = "Geist")
engl. "uncial" = "Unzial" (Wörtlich müßte die "Unzialschrift" aus 1/12 Zoll langen Buchstaben bestehen.)
engl. "uni-" = "einer", "Einziger"
engl. "unicorn" = "Einhorn"
engl. "union", von lat. "unio" = "Einheit", "Vereinigung"
engl. "unique", from Latin "unicus" = "sole", "single"
engl. "unite" = "verbinden"
engl. "unity" = "Einheit"
dt. "Verein", "vereinen", "einen" = "eins machen"

(Pokorny 3. D. e- 281.)

(E1)(L1) http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE357.html

P

Pentathlon

(E?)(L?) http://www.yourdictionary.com/

Q

Quarantine (W3)

Engl. "Quarantine" = dt. "Quarantäne", frz, "quarantaine" geht zurück auf ital. "quaranta" = "vierzig", ital. "quarantina giorni" = "virzig Tage". Im Jahr 1374 während einer Pestepidemie mußten in Venedig Schiffe vierzig Tage außerhalb der Stadt vor Anker liegen. Erst danach - vorausgesetzt auf dem Schiff zeigten sich keine Pesterkrankungen - durften die Schiffe in Venedig aus- und einladen. Eine Quelle setzt die die erste Praxis der 40-tägigen Isolierung bereits im Jahr 1348 an, und verlegt die Quarantäne im Jahr 1374 nach Reggio. Sicher ist jedoch, dass diese Praxis vielfach, zum Beispiel auch in Zeiten der Pest, praktiziert wurde.

Bereits seit 1680 erfolgte die Lösung von "Quarantine" von den "vierzig Tagen" zu einer "unbestimmt lange Isolierung".

Das Wort engl. "Quarantine", dt. "Quarantäne", geht über lat. "quadraginta" = "vierzig" ("quadra-" zu lat. "quattuor" = "vier" und "-ginta" zu lat. "viginti" = "zwanzig") zurück auf ide. "kwetwer" = "vier".

Die "vierzig Tage" und auch die Bezeichnung "Quarantine" wurden auch in anderem Zusammenhang praktiziert und verwendet. Die Kirche kennt z.B. Orte an denen Jesus 40 Tage fastete (lat. "quarantena"). Und in England war es üblich, dass eine Witwe 40 Tage in dem Haus ihres Mannes wohnen durfte, bis die Erbschaft geklärt war.

(E2)(L1) http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Category:Q-QUO

...
Venice took the lead in measures to check the spread of plague, having appointed three guardians of the public health in the first years of the Black Death (1348). The next record of preventive measures comes from Reggio in Modena in 1374. The first lazaret was founded by Venice in 1403, on a small island adjoining the city; in 1467 Genoa followed the example of Venice; and in 1476 the old leper hospital of Marseilles was converted into a plague hospital - the great lazaret of that city, perhaps the most complete of its kind, having been founded in 1526 on the island of Pomegue.
...

(E?)(L?) http://www.bartleby.com/81/13851.html
(E?)(L?) http://www.businessdictionary.com/terms-by-letter.php?letter=Q
quarantine | quarantine stock

(E?)(L?) http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/website/alpha/index-e.html
(E?)(L?) http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/grosse-ile/index-e.html
In Quarantine: Life and Death on Grosse Île, 1832-1937

(E3)(L1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/terms/go/717/
quarantine regulations

(E1)(L1) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=quarantine
(E?)(L1) http://www.fao.org/fishery/glossary/en

(E?)(L?) http://fun-with-words.com/etym_example.html

Any forced stoppage of travel or communication on account of malignant, contagious disease, on land or by sea.

From the French "quarante" = "forty". Adding the suffix "-aine" to French numbers gives a degree of roughness to the figure, so quarantaine means about forty. Originally when a ship arriving in port was suspected of being infected with a malignant, contagious disease, its cargo and crew were obliged to forego all contact with the shore for a period of around "forty days". This term came to be known as period of "quarantine".

(E?)(L1) http://glossary.gardenweb.com/glossary/quarantine.html
(E1)(L1) http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5169

...
In 1348 Venice was the first city to impose a quarantine. It did so to halt the epidemic of the bubonic plague.
...

(E?)(L1) http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq90-5.htm
The Naval Quarantine of Cuba, 1962

(E1)(L1) http://www.m-w.com/info/03words.htm
(E?)(L?) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quarantine
(E?)(L?) http://www.netlingo.com/inframes.cfm

A term used to isolate spam e-mail messages, it is often seen in anti-spam software. Once you quarantine the suspect messages, you must then delete them.

(E?)(L?) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12593a.htm
Quarantines

(E?)(L?) http://www.onelook.com/?w=quarantine&loc=wotd
(E?)(L?) http://southseas.nla.gov.au/refs/falc/contents.html
(E?)(L?) http://southseas.nla.gov.au/refs/falc/1006.html
(E1)(L1) http://podictionary.com/?p=1293
quarantine - podictionary 905

(E?)(L?) http://us.trendmicro.com/us/threats/enterprise/glossary/q/quarantined-files/index.php
Quarantined files

(E1)(L1) http://www.takeourword.com/TOW161/page4.html
quarantine in the Bible

(E?)(L?) http://www.takeourword.com/TOW160/page2.html#quarters
(E6)(L1) http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/users/savage/papers/Infocom03.pdf
Internet Quarantine: Requirements for Containing Self-Propagating Code
David Moore, Colleen Shannon, Geoffrey M. Voelker, Stefan Savage
University of California, San Diego, 2003

(E?)(L1) http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/Q/quarantine.html
(E?)(L?) http://www.yourdictionary.com/quarantine

R

S

second (W3)

Das engl. "second" = "zweit" geht zurück auf lat. "insequi" = "folgen", "verfolgen", das sich zusammen setzt aus "in" = "auf" und "sequi" = "folgen", was also "folgen auf" ergibt. Der "zweite" ist also derjenige, der auf den "ersten" folgt.

Diese Eigenschaft findet man auch in engl. "sequence", dt. "Sequenz" = "Folge", "Aufeinanderfolge".

Weitere Verwandte sind engl. "subsequent" = "folgend", "nachfolgend", dt. "konsequent" = (wörtlich:) "mit folgen"

Am interessantesten finde ich, dass man lat. " sequi" auch in engl. "sign" = "Zeichen" findet, demjenigen, dem man "folgt".

Und

(E1)(L1) http://www.alphadictionary.com/goodword/word/ensue

sixes and sevens, at

means "to be in a state of confusion" = "schwimmen", "völlig durcheinander sein". It comes from games of dice.

sixty-four thousand dollar question

Originally it was 64 dollar, the top prize in a US radio quiz show of the 1940s.

T

third place, troisième âge (W3)

Der "dritte Platz" könnte im Deutsche etwa als "dritte Welt" wiedergegeben werden - wenn dieser Begriff nicht schon belegt wär; und "dritter Lebensbereich" ist zu unhandlich. Und so wäre es nicht verwunderlich, wenn "third place" auch bei uns Einzug erhalten würde.

Der Begriff bezeichnete den dritten Lebensbereich neben Heim und Beruf, in dem man Entspannung finden und sich als Teil einer Gemeinschaft empfinden kann. Der Soziologe Ray Oldenburg brachte 1990 ein Buch mit dem Titel "The Great Good Place" heraus. Der Untertitel hiess: "Cafes, Coffee Shops, Community Centers, Beauty Parlors, General Stores, Bars, Hangouts and How They Get You Through The Day." Den Wink nahmen einige Institutionen auf und nannten sich "Third Place Coffeehouse", "Third Place Bookstor" usw. Im Jahr 2002 veröffentlichte Oldenburg ein weiteres Buch "Celebrating the Third Place: Inspiring Stories About the "Great Good Places" at the Heart of Our Communities".

In Frankreich gibt es dafür den Begriff "le troisième âge" = "das Alter", "Lebensabend", "Ruhestand".

three-dog-night

Eine Nacht, die so elend kalt ist, daß man "drei Hunde" braucht, um sich so einigermaßen warmzuhalten, heisst eben "three-dog-night".

U

Uni St Andrews
Prime numbers

(E?)(L?) http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Prime_numbers.html

Prime numbers and their properties were first studied extensively by the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The mathematicians of Pythagoras's school (500 BC to 300 BC) were interested in numbers for their mystical and numerological properties. They understood the idea of primality and were interested in perfect and amicable numbers.

A perfect number is one whose proper divisors sum to the number itself. e.g. The number 6 has proper divisors 1, 2 and 3 and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, 28 has divisors 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 and 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28.

A pair of amicable numbers is a pair like 220 and 284 such that the proper divisors of one number sum to the other and vice versa.

You can see more about these numbers in the History topics article Perfect numbers.

...

Erstellt: 2011-11

V

W

X

Y

Z

Buecher zur Kategorie:

Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Zahlen, Número, Nombre, Numero, Number, Zahlentheorie, Teoría de números, Théorie des nombres, Teoria dei numeri, Number Theory

amazon - Zahlen, Número, Nombre, Numero, Number, Zahlentheorie, Teoría de números, Théorie des nombres, Teoria dei numeri, Number Theory

A

B

Bentley, Peter J.
The Book of Numbers
The Secret of Numbers and How They Changed the World

(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/1554073618/etymologporta-20
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/1554073618/etymologety0f-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/1554073618/etymologetymo-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1554073618/etymologety0d-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1554073618/etymologpor09-20
Paperback: 272 pages
Publisher: Firefly Books (15 Feb 2008)
Language English

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

Ifrah, Georges
The Universal History of Computing
From the Abacus to the Quantum Computer

(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471441473/etymologporta-20
(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471441473/etymologety0f-21
(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471441473/etymologetymo-21
(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471441473/etymologety0d-21
(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471441473/etymologpor09-20
Taschenbuch: 416 Seiten
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons (Januar 2002)
Sprache: Englisch

Amazon.co.uk
From the I Ching to AI, there has been tremendous human brainpower devoted to devising easier means of counting and thinking. Former math teacher Georges Ifrah has devoted his life to tracking down traces of our past calculating tools and reporting on them with charm and verve. The Universal History of Computing: From the Abacus to Quantum Computing gives a grand title to a grand subject, and Ifrah makes good on his promise of universality by leaping far back in time and spanning all the inhabited continents.

If his scope is vast, his stories and details are still engrossing. Readers will hang on the stories of 19th-century inventors converging on multiplication machines and other, more general "engines", and better understand the roots of biological and quantum computation. Ifrah has great respect for our ancestors and their work, and he transmits this feeling to his readers with humour and humility. His timelines, diagrams and concordance help readers unfamiliar with foreign concepts of numbers and computation to keep up with his narrative.

By the end, his slight bias against strong artificial intelligence shows, but he is careful to acknowledge the future's unforeseeable nature and suggest that we keep our minds open. How can we resist?

Rob Lightner

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Nahin, Paul J. (Autor)
An Imaginary Tale (PSL Edition): The Story of 'I' [the Square Root of Minus One]

(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691146004/etymologporta-20
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691146004/etymologety0f-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691146004/etymologetymo-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691146004/etymologety0d-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0691146004/etymologpor09-20
Taschenbuch: 296 Seiten
Verlag: Princeton University Press; Auflage: 1 (14. März 2010) Sprache: Englisch

Amazon.com
At the very beginning of his book on "i", the square root of minus one, Paul Nahin warns his readers: "An Imaginary Tale has a very strong historical component to it, but that does not mean it is a mathematical lightweight. But don't read too much into that either. It is *not* a scholarly tome meant to be read only by some mythical, elite group.... Large chunks of this book can, in fact, be read and understood by a high school senior who has paid attention to his or her teachers in the standard fare of pre-college courses. Still, it will be most accessible to the million or so who each year complete a college course in freshman calculus.... But when I need to do an integral, let me assure you I have not fallen to my knees in dumbstruck horror. And neither should you."

Nahin is a professor of electrical engineering at the University of New Hampshire; he has also written a number of science fiction short stories. His style is far more lively and humane than a mathematics textbook while covering much of the same ground. Readers will end up with a good sense for the mathematics of "i" and for its applications in physics and engineering.
Mary Ellen Curtin

Erstellt: 2010-04

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