Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
weisse Schimmel, Retronyme, Pleonasmen, Pléonasme, Pleonasm
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corsinet - Redundant Redundancies
(E?)(L?) http://www.corsinet.com/braincandy/twice.html
Unter der Frage "why say it twice?" findet man einige Beispiele "weisser Schimmel" aus dem täglichen (englischen) Sprachgebrauch.
redundancy (rî-dùn¹den-sê) noun, plural redundancies
- 1. The state of being redundant.
- 2. A superfluity; an excess.
- 3. Unnecessary repetition.
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mizian
Pleonasms or Tautological Redundancies
(E?)(L1) http://mizian.com.ne.kr/englishwiz/library/explore/pleonasm.htm
Pleonasms are the opposites (antonyms) of oxymora. A pleonasm consists of two concepts (usually two words) that are redundant. What does “redundant” mean? Well, how about “more than enough; overabundant; excess; and superfluous”? Still having a problem understanding what pleonasm means? Some pleonastic expressions are also known as tautologies. Tautology means, “needless repetition of an idea in a different word, phrase, or sentence; redundancy; pleonasm.” What about pleonasm? It means, “the use of more words than are necessary for the expression of an idea; redundancy.” So it is that we go around in circles: pleonasm means tautology, which means redundancy, which means pleonasm, which means tautology, ad infinitum.
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Es folgt eine lange List mit Beispielen.
ABM missile | ABS system | absolutely essential | absolutely necessary | a cappella without music | AC current | ACT test | advance forward | advance scouting | advance warning | affirmative yes | affluent rich | aid and abet | American chop suey | A.M. in the morning | AMOCO Oil Co. | an anachronism in his own time | and etc. | anonymous stranger | APL programing language | armed assault and holdup | ascend up | ATM machine | attach together | autobiography of my life | automatic ATM machine | bad evil | BASIC code | basic fundamentals | beautiful vista to look out upon | boat marina | both football teams were deadlocked at halftime | breaking and entering | buried and suffocated to death | CAD design | cash money | cease and desist | circulated around | classic tradition | classify into groups | climb up | close proximity | close scrutiny | CNN news network | co-equal partners | cold frost | cold ice | collaborate together | combined together | commuting back and forth | completely filled | completely unanimous | component parts | connect up together | conniption fit | consecutive extra points in a row | constant nagging | continuing on | couture fashion | current incumbent | dark night | DC current | dead corpse | definite decision | descend down | diametrically opposed | different variation | DMZ zone | doctorate degree | DOS operating system | dry ice | each and every | each per capita | eliminate altogether | empty hole | empty space | end result | entirely eliminating | essential necessity | exact replica | exact same | exactly the same | existing condition | experiment someone was just trying out | extra added features | extreme hazard | favorable approval | federal deficit | fellow colleague | final end | final showdown | first conceived | following below | forced compulsion | foreign imports | former graduate (of an educational institution) | former veteran | frank candor | free gift | free gratis | freezing cold | full satisfaction | frozen ice | frozen tundra | general consensus of opinion | give and bequeath | GMT time | good benefit | good luck | good success | good success | government deficit | grand total | grateful thanks | growing greater | half a dozen of one and six of another | handwritten manuscript | hard rock (as in Hard Rock Cafe?) | have and hold | hear with one's own ears | HIV virus | hot fire | hot water heater | imminent at any moment | individual person | indulgent patience | inquisitive busybody | intentional planning | invited guests | "...it was never our intent to intentionally exclude..." (heard on the radio) | irregardless | ISDN network | join together | joint collaboration | joint cooperation | killed dead | knowledgeable experts | last will and testament | LCD display | LED diode | lesbian women or lesbian woman | literate-English teachers | literate readers | little animalcules | little baby | live witness | living legend in his own time | long-chronic illness | long litany | major breakthrough | malignant cancer | manually by hand | many frequent | marital spouse | may possibly | meandering back and forth and all around | mental thought | merge together | mesa table | missing gaps | mutual cooperation | microdot | modern colleges of today | Mount Fujiyama (Mount Mountain) | more easier | more than unique--it's practically one of a kind | mutual confidence | NATO organization | near proximity | necessary essentials | negative misfortune | negative no | never, ever | new discovery | new innovations | new neophyte | new recruit | nocturnal-night vampires | nomenclature terms | nonreading illiterates | normal, everyday | nostalgia for the past | not sufficient enough | null and void | obsolete thing of the past | old adage | old customs | old senior citizens | only unique (person, place, or thing) | oral conversation | original founder | original source | over again | overdone this a little too much | overused cliche | pair of twins | past experience | past history | past tradition | PC Computer | perfectly legitimate | personal friend | personal friendship | personal individual | PIN number (Private Identification Number number) | pizza pie | plane flying aloft in the air above | play actor | please RSVP | P.M. in the evening | poisonous venoms | polar opposites | positive yes | postponed until later | potentially capable | pre planning | present incumbent | previously listed above | pruned out | quite unique | rags and tatters | real actual | recently new | receded back | re-continuation | redundancies, tautologies, and pleonasms | redundant redundancies | redundant repetitions | refer back | regular routine | religious holiday | repeat again | repeated redundancies | repetitious redundancies | resulting effects | retreating back | return back | revert back | rice paddy | Rio Grande River (Big River River) | root cause | round circle | ruling junta | safe haven (donated by Frances in Australia) | safe sanctuary | safe sanctuary | Sahara desert | SCSI Interface | see with one's own eyes | seedling plant | serious danger | sharp point | shape and form | sin taxes | sink down | situation is calm and quiet (heard on CNN regarding Congo) | small speck | specific examples | stellar astronomers | string together | staged scenario | successful achievement | sudden impulse | suffered poorly | surrounded on all sides | sum total | technical jargon | temporary reprieve | the hoi polloi (hoi means "the") | The La Brea Tar Pits (The The Tar Tar Pits) | The Los Altos Hills (The The Hills Hills) | tiny speck | top priority | total destruction | totally demolished | totally unnecessary | true facts | tuna fish | 12 o'clock midnight (or 12 midnight) | 12 o'clock noon (or 12 noon) | two-man tandem | two-person tandem | ultimate goal | undergraduate student | unexpected emergency | unexpected surprise | unhealthy sickness | university college students | unmarried bachelor | unmarried old maid | unnecessary redundancies | unsolved mystery | usual custom | useless and unnecessary | vacillating back and forth | VIN number (Vehicle Identification Number number) | visible with your own eyes | wall mural | watching and observing | wet water | widow woman | widow of the late (Whoever) | widower man | will and testament | with au jus | wordy and verbose | world-wide-pandemic disease (heard on CNN from "health expert") | youthful teenagers
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Retronym (W3)
Auf Grund technischer Weiterentwicklungen verschieben sich die Sichtweisen und so wird aus der (ursprünglich nur akustischen) "Gitarre" die "Akustische Gitarre", nachdem sie durch die "Elektrische Gitarre" (die nun "Gitarre" heißt) in den Hintergrund gedrängt wurde.
Die Bezeichnung "Retronym" (noun plus a modifier) gibt es seit 1980 und setzt sich zusammen aus lat. "retro-" = "rückwärts" und griech. "onoma", "onyma" = "Name", "Begriff".
- Analog clock
- hard copy
- landline phone
(E?)(L?) http://www.alphadictionary.com/goodword/date/2009/04/15
(E?)(L?) http://www.alphadictionary.com/goodword/word/retronym
(E?)(L?) http://home.comcast.net/~wwftd/
(E?)(L?) http://www.dailywritingtips.com/whats-a-retronym/
(E?)(L?) http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/07/magazine/07wwln_safire.t.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
The Merriam lexies, always strong on etymology, cite the earliest usage they can find of "retronym" in this column in 1980, which credited Frank Mankiewicz, then president of National Public Radio, as the coiner.
The same cultural shift happened in baseball: few fans say "night game" any more, because most games are played at night, and it’s the former time of play that needs a modifier, which gave rise to the phrase "day game".
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That newly necessary modification of an old noun is called a retronym. It was defined in the fourth edition of the unabridged American Heritage Dictionary as "a word or phrase created because an existing term that was once used alone needs to be distinguished from a term referring to a new development".
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- "watch" - "digital watch" - to the retronym "analog watch"
- "mail" - "e-mail" - to the retronym "snail mail"
- "television" - "LCD and plasma screens" - to the retronym "console television"
- "book" - "paperback" - "softcover book" - to the retronym "hardcover book"
- "suit", "pants suit", to the retronym "skirt suit"
- "freshman" - "redshirted" - to the retronym "true freshman"
- "telephone" - "push-button phone" - "touch-tone phone" - "rotary phone" - to the retronym "land lines"
- "mail" - "voice mail" - "text message" - to the retronym "postal mail"
- "milk" - "nonfat milk", "2 percent milk", "calcium-enriched milk", "lactose-free milk", "chocolate milk", "soy milk", "half-and-half" - to the retronym "whole milk"
- "water" - "bottled water", "sparkling water", "soda water", "Bloomberg water", "Giuliani water" - to the retronym "tap water"
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(E?)(L?) http://www.odlt.org/
(E2)(L1) http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Retronym
(E?)(L?) http://dictionary.reference.com/help/faq/language/t23.html
(E1)(L1) http://www.wordsmith.org/awad/archives/0400
(E1)(L1) http://www.wordsmith.org/awad/archives/1201
(E2)(L1) http://www.wordspy.com/index/Language-Retronyms.asp
(E1)(L1) http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-ret1.htm
Erstellt: 2010-12
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