Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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1

1-language.com Online ESL Center

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Free, comprehensive ESL Site including forums, realtime chat, jobs, grammar, helplines, multi-lingual content - and much more!
Unter "Idioms" findet man zwar einige interessante Beispiel, aber keine Hinweise zur Herkunft. Also: sprachlich interessant, aber ohne etymologische Ambitionen - zumindest habe ich derlei nicht entdecken können.
Einige Seiten verlangen JAVA. - Wer seinen Browser entsprechend eingestellt hat, sieht sicherlicher einiges mehr als ich.

A

Apple polisher, Apple-polisher (W3)

Der engl. "Apple-polisher" = "Radfahrer", "Schleimer" kam 1928 in studentischer Umgebung auf.

(E?)(L?) http://www.yourdictionary.com/apple-polisher

B

BBC's learning English area
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Have you got a language problem? Take a look through the Learn it! Language Bank and find out the answers to past Learn It! questions or take a look at this week's question.

Confusing words and expressions
choose a topic: "well off" and "better off"? "lend" or "borrow"? "say" or "tell"? "make" or "do"? "approve" or "approve of"? "hire" or "rent"? "rise" or "raise"? "drive" or "ride"? "effect" or "affect"? "efficient" or "effective"? "lie" or "lay"? "lack" as a verb and a noun "house" or "home"? "sport" or "game"? "partner" or "boyfriend"? "effect" or "affect"? "say" or "tell"? "hope" and "wish" "equipment", "utensil", "tool" and "apparatus" "solicitor", "lawyer", "attorney", "barrister", "counsellor" "nail bombs" judging something "on its merits" greetings and farewells beginning/ending letters "get" and "become" same or different? "used to" / "get used to"? "adjective-noun collocations" rather and better? "either", "neither" and "too" head, feet, legs, brain, mind health and illness idioms "skin" and "bones" idioms "-ed" and "-ing" adjectives confusing pairs "come" or "go"? "bring" or "take"? confusing road signs "hot dog" and "hat trick" idioms involving "clouds" or "sky" verbs + adverbial particles "let" or "leave" do/did/done suppose / supposed to horrible / horrific entertainment idioms melt, thaw and antonyms synonyms for "I (don't) understand slang, idiomatic expressions and euphemisms "switch" and "change" job applications and "cover" job title suffixes neck and nose idioms miss, missing, missed injure/wound/hurt/harm/damage as verbs/adjectives/nouns countable or uncountable? parts of the body "Meetings"/etc... remind-remember/recall/recollect "travel/trips/journeys/etc" Idioms based on food and drink Kinship Idioms ensure, assure, insure emotions idioms - anger "dress, wear, put on" relations and relationships rise, arise and raise Told or asked? last/take "take" - expressions look forward to / agree to / object to expressing views and opinions "calling" and "kidding" "hold or keep"

Prefixes, suffixes, spelling and pronunciation
choose a topic: prefixes: un-, in-, im-, il-,dis-, ir- suffixes: -ive, -ous, -ful, -ic,-able, -al, -y, -ible suffixes: -less, -free possessive apostrophes apostrophe 's with plural nouns "its" and "it's" hyphenated nouns; adjectives and prefixes using commas, semi-colons and colons spelling quiz: "aging" or "ageing"? spelling and pronunciation negative auxilliary verbs: contracted forms; pronunciation parts of the body a/an and the: pronunciation spelling and pronunciation / silent letters tag questions punctuation and pausing

Determiners, nouns and pronouns
choose a topic: "the", "a" and "an" indefinite and zero articles using articles with geographical names articles, possessives and demonstratives possessive apostrophes apostrophes: "its" and "it's"; "ones" and "one's" "so do I". / "me too" "such" and "so" "much", "many", "lots of" and subject-verb agreement subject-verb agreement with countable nouns double negatives relative pronouns: "who" or "whom"? partitive structures using "the" correctly reflexive pronouns "each" and "every" "either"/"neither"/"too" "any" and "no" subject/verb agreement "amount", "quantity", "number" it/this/that it to identify people compound nouns plural nouns "what or which" job title suffixes "there" and "is" as preparatory subjects "the" or zero article? a/an and the: pronunciation too much/many, fewer/less, little, as much as nouns+prepositions what or that? and noun-verb collocations noun + to- infinitive clause noun suffixes possessive "s or of + noun? "They" with singular reference "that" and "then" the definite article: context-specific and with abstract nouns uncountable nouns fewer or less you and me / you and I every/all countable and uncountable nouns with different meanings "The" with place names: rules and exceptions

Adjectives and adverbs
choose a topic: "incredible" and "unbelievable" "efficient" or "effective"? "busy with" or "busy about"? adjectival prefixes: un-, in- or im-? adjectival suffixes: -ive, -ous or -ful? adjectival suffixes: -less or -free? "good" or "well"? using "as well" using "besides" "for example" and "for instance" using "so" inversion after negative expressions and "only" "how long?", "how often?" and "how many times?" using "ever" "adjectives and adverbs" just or only "formation and use of adjectives" just or only adjectives: appropriate/suitable and adequate/sufficient/enough "hardly", "hardly ever", "hardly any" "even if", "even though" "ed" and "-ing" as adjectives time expressions with "next", "last" and "on" adjectives: position "yet": adverb or conjunction though / as though / like comparative and superlative forms emphasizing adverbs as....as expressing possibility: maybe, perhaps, may and might plural nouns hardly/scarcely, neither/nor, so/too quite concern/concerned/concerning on / off future forms: comparatives and superlatives being position of adverbs too much/many, fewer/less, little, as much as however/nevertheless/moreover irregular adjectives and adverbs -ed adjectives compouind adjectives time expressions, adjectives and adverbs -ed and -ing adjectives actually/in fact/well yet/still/already especially/specially & continuously/continually adjectives with -er/-est, more/most, less/least in comparative/superlative so, such and so on "worth"/"worthwhile" likely to adverbials inversion

Verbs and tenses
choose a topic: primary auxiliary verbs: "do" and "have" "up" and "down" in phrasal verbs "to do" and "to have done" lots to do with "do" "happen" and "happen to" tenses of "lie" or "lay" past simple and past perfect: "have" and "had" past tense endings "used to" or past simple? present perfect simple and continuous present perfect continuous "been" or "gone"? inverted word order in questions and statements reported/indirect speech "must", "need" and "used to" in reported speech the passive prepositional and phrasal verbs "to" or "-ing"? contractions: "aren't", "haven't", "isn't" "will", "shall", "would" and "should" "don't" and "do not" "present perfect and past simple" reporting verbs be able + infinitive be to + infinitive the subjunctive participial or relative clause verb + two objects have+object+infinitive/-ing question tags+imperative the passive stative verbs american/british verbs subject/verb agreement "would" in conversation "get", plus past verbs + adverbial particles "let" or "leave" "like" as verb and preposition reporting questions, suggestions, advice and instructions expressing possibility: perhaps, maybe, may and might "gonna", "wanna", "gotta" and "dunno" present perfect change of time/tense in reported speech concern/concerned/concerning negative auxilliary verbs; contracted forms: pronunciation past tenses future forms: comparatives and superlatives could, was able to and managed to being suggest, recommend, insist, demand subject-verb inversion in questions past simple and past perfect The future Hear, see, make, let, allow + object + verb form Since and for with present perfect what or that? and noun-verb collocations Bare infinitive Verbs and tenses past simple and present perfect intransitive and transitive verbs have to do and to have done reporting the future get (for transport) + preposition or adverb particle get + preposition or adverb particle ever and in time expressions time expressions and tenses dare and need - auxiliary verbs "be to" for + verb-ing "used to" or "would"

Modals and conditionals
choose a topic: "can" and "would", "will" and "would" "must" as deduction and obligation "must", "need" and "used to" in reported speech "first and second conditionals"; "should" instead of "if" using "as long as" "will", "shall", "would" and "should" "could have", "would have" and "should have" "if I was" and "if I were" "hope" and "wish" "must", "have to", "have got to" "would" in conversation general and future condition and "have got to" should , would and could What if / suppose / supposing when and if & in case and if

Conjunctions and clauses
choose a topic: as / while / as long as "preposition + relative pronoun" "unless" and "otherwise" "whenever", "wherever and etc" "though" and "although"; "despite" and "in spite of" "while" and "whereas" "because", "as", "since" and "for" "yet" and "but", "so" and "hence" "as well as" and "as long as" "as" and "like" inversion after negative expressions participial or relative clause "even if", "even though" "yet": adverb or conjunction though / as though / like "by" and "from" "in order to" and "so that" "wh"-questions cleft sentences as... as but as conjunction and preposition "for" and "during" when or if? if or whether? being what or that? and noun-verb collocations What if / suppose / supposing subordinating and coordinating conjunctions when/while/meanwhile when and if & in case and if Linking adverbs alternatives to "if"

Prepositions and phrases
choose a topic: "at", "on" and "in" "good at" or "good in"? "beside"/"besides" and "toward"/"towards" "since" and "for" "despite" and "in spite of" "with regard to" and "regarding" "due to", "owing to", "on account of" and "because of" "as" and "like" "busy with" or "busy about" prepositional and phrasal verbs "on", "in", or "at" midnight? time expressions with "next", "last" and "on" though / as though / like "like" as verb and preposition as... as but as conjunction and preposition "for" and "during" prepositions in time expressions concern/concerned/concerning on / off in front of / before/ across prepositions for common nouns without articles time and place phrases with at, in and on during, for, by, until with time phrases with at, in and on

Learning and exam skills
choose a topic: choosing a dictionary extending your vocabulary improving your skills by reading vocabulary and reading skills classroom activity: activating vocabulary how can listening skills be improved? learning styles and preferences how can I improve my accent? how will I pass my English exam? CAE, CPE and FCE exams IELTS English tests the IELTS writing test answering long essay questions business letters job applications and "cover" future forms: comparatives and superlatives; interlinked learning activities however/nevertheless/moreover spelling errors and typos netiqette reading comprehension preparing for a speaking test at an advanced level problems and troubles

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BUSINESS ENGLISH

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Wörterbuch/Übersicht über die wichtigsten englischen Business-Ausdrücke in der geschäftlichen Brief- und E-Mail Kommunikation.
VORTEIL dieses Wörterbuches für Business English:
Sie finden den gesuchten englischen Ausdruck HIER schneller als in anderen Wörterbüchern für Business English, da wir in diesem Lexikon nur die für das Businessenglisch relevanten Formulierungen und Bedeutungen aufgenommen haben.

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cnn

(E?)(L?) http://fyi.cnn.com/fyi/
Bildungsportal des Nachrichtensenders CNN

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darwincountry
Darwin Country

(E6)(L1) http://www.darwincountry.org/explore/001857.html

Darwin Country is a website for lifelong learners, many of whom left school or college many years ago. However, the website provides a valuable resource for some courses undertaken by students in schools and colleges. The column on the left-hand side of this page provides links to information about parts of the National Curriculum (England) supported by this website.
...

Time: CenturiesGeologyHistoryPeriodsPrehistory
Places: Abbey Forega...Abbey Mill, ...Abbeys and P...Acton Burnel...AfricaAlberbury, S...Albright Hus...Alveley, Shr...Ashford Carb...Aston Eyre, ...Aston on Clu...Atcham Churc...Atcham, Shro...Attingham Pa...Barker Stree...Barmouth, WalesBattlefield ...Benthall Hal...Bogs and MossesBoscobel Hou...Breidden Hil...Bridge Stree...BridgesBridgnorth C...Bridgnorth, ...Brogyntyn, S...Bromlow Call...Buildwas Abb...Castle Foreg...Castle Stree...CastlesCaughley, Sh...Caus Castle,...Chester Stre...Chetwynd Par...Church Stret...ChurchesClaverley, S...Cleobury Mor...Clive House,...Clun, Shrops...Clunbury, Sh...Clungunford,...Coalbrookdal...Coalport, Sh...Condover, Sh...Corvedale, S...Coton Hill, ...Cound, Shrop...Country Hous...Darwin-relat...Derbyshire, ...DovecotesEgyptEnglandEnglish Brid...Frankwell, S...GeographyGrinshill, S...Hampshire, E...Haughmond Ab...Herefordshir...High Street,...Hill's Lane,...Interactive ...IrelandIronbridge, ...Jackfield, S...Lilleshall A...Lilleshall, ...Lower Newton...Ludlow CastleLudlow, Shro...Lynches Dove...Madeley Cour...MapsMardol, Shre...Market Drayt...Melverley Ch...Middleton Ch...Minsterley, ...Montford Bri...Moreton Corb...Morville, Sh...Much Wenlock...Munslow, Shr...New Hall, Sh...Newnham Dove...Old St. Chad...Orleton Hall...Pitchford Ch...Pitchford Ha...Pitchford, S...Powys, WalesPride Hill, ...River SevernRoushill, Sh...Rowley's Hou...Rowton Hall ...SchoolsScotlandSeasideShrewsbury A...Shrewsbury C...Shrewsbury R...Shrewsbury R...Shrewsbury V...Shrewsbury, ...ShropshireShropshire a...Shropshire a...Springs and ...St Winifred'...St. Chad's C...St. John's H...StaffordshireStoke-upon-T...Stokesay Cas...The Quarry (...The Square, ...Toll HousesTong, Shrops...Treflach Hal...Upton Cresse...Upton Magna,...Viroconium (...Walcot Bridg...WalesWellington, ...Welsh Bridge...Welshpool, P...Wenlock Prio...West Felton,...Westbury, Sh...Weston Park,...White Ladies...Whitehall Ma...Whittington ...Whixall Moss...Witton Hall,...Woolston Wel...Wooton Dovec...WorcesterWorcestershireWorthern Chu...Worthern, Sh...Wrekin Hill,...Wroxeter Chu...Wroxeter, Sh...Wyle Cop, Sh...Yockleton, S...Yorkshire, E...
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Plants: Adder's Tong...AlgaeAsparagusAuricula (Pr...BiologistsBiologyBotanistsBotanyBracken Fern...Brittle Blad...BryologistsBryologyCharles Darw...ClubmossesCollectomani...Exotic Climb...Exotic Shrub...Exotic Trees...ExtinctionFernsFerns and th...Filmy Ferns ...Flower Shows...Forked Splee...Garden flowe...Garden fruit...Garden HistoryGarden PlantsGarden RosesGardeners an...Gardening an...GardensGrassesGrasses, sed...Hard Fern (B...Hartstongue ...HerbalsHerbarium sp...HorsetailsJardinieres ...Juniper (Jun...Lady Fern (A...Lady Ferns (...Leighton's '...Leighton, Re...Lemon-scente...LiverwortsMicroscopes ...Microscopic ...Moonwort Fer...MossesMosses and L...Mulberry TreesNatural Hist...NettlesOrigins of G...Parsley Fern...Passion Flow...Pillwort (Pi...Polypody Fer...Pteridologists Quillworts (...Royal Fern (...Rustyback Fe...Sea Spleenwo...Shield Ferns...Shrewsbury F...Shropshire a...Spleenwort F...Stonewort (C...Stonewort (N...Stoneworts (...Wall Rue Fer...WillowsYew (Taxus b...
Objects: 'It's a Knoc...AgricultureAmuletsAnimal TrapsApothecaries...Asparagus Se...AutomobilesAxe HammersAxe MouldsAxes and Axe...BeadsBeakersBirdsBook illustr...BooksBottlesBowlsBraceletsBrass artefactsBRICKS Proje...Bronze artef...BroochesBuckets and ...BucklesCandlesticks...Caudle CupsCaughley Por...CeramicsChurch FontsClocks and W...Coalbrookdal...Coalbrookdal...Coalport Coa...Coalport Por...Coalport Por...Coalport Por...Coalport Por...Coalport Por...Coalport Sev...Coffee Cans ...Coffee PotsCoinsComportsCopper artef...CoraclesCorbet Bed 1593Costume and ...Craven Dunni...Cups and Sau...Decorative ArtsDishesDovecotesElection JugsEnamelled Br...Enamelled Co...EngravingsEthnographyFigurinesFine ArtFire MarksFlanged AxesFlat AxesFlint and ot...FossilsFriends of S...FurnitureGarden SeatsGlass artefactsGold artefactsGravestones ...Herbarium sp...Horn artefactsHorse BrassesIce Pails (I...InhalersInk standsIron artefactsJames Dudson...Jardinieres ...JugsLantern SlidesLoving CupsMaces and ma...MapsMedallionsMetalworkMicroscope S...Microscopes ...MilitariaMirrorsMosses and L...MugsNational Art...NecklacesNumismaticsOil PaintingsPalstavesPewter artef...PhotographsPhotographyPlaquesPlatesPortraitsPounce PotsRings (Finge...Roman Bow Br...Roman Bow Br...Roman Bow Br...Roman Bow Br...Roman FigurinesRoman FittingsRoman Penann...Roman Plate ...Roman Plate ...Roman Plate ...Roman Plate ...Roman Plate ...Roman Plate ...Roman Plate ...Salopian Art...Sarn TerracottaScent Bottle...ShellsShot FlasksShrewsbury S...SilhouettesSilver artef...Silver-gilt ...Socketed Axe...Spears and s...Spindle WhorlsSpinning and...Spittoons Staffordshir... StoneworkStrainers (E...Strap-endsTankardsTeapotsTeethTextilesTilesTrade TokensTrays and Sa...TureensUmbrella and...VasesWatercoloursWedgwood Pot...Weights and ...
Topics: Abbeys and P...AgricultureArchaeologyArcheryArchitectureArmyArt and designBattle of Sh...BattlesBiologyBirds and th...Boer War (So...BooksBotanyBRICKS Proje...BridgesBritish Empi...BryologyBuildingsCastlesCathedralsCeramicsChurchesClubmossesClubs and So...Coalport Por...Coalport Por...Collectomani...CoraclesCostume and ...Country Hous...Craven Dunni...CricketCrimean War ...CrocusDarwin Count...Decorative ArtsDovecotesEducation sy...EgyptElectionsEnamelEnamelled Co...EngravingsEntomologyEthnographyEvolutionExtinct AnimalsExtinctionFalcons and ...FarmingFerns and th...Field ClubsFine ArtFireplacesFish and the...FishesFloodsFlower Shows...FossilsFrost FairsGarden flowe...Garden fruit...Garden HistoryGarden PlantsGarden RosesGardening an...GardensGeographyGeologyGold artefactsGrant-aid fo...Gravestones ...HistoryHorsesHorsetailsHuntingIronbridge G...IronworkingJames Dudson...LiverwortsMammals and ...Maw and Comp...MetalworkMicroscopes ...Military His...MillsMossesMosses and L...MuseumsNational Cur...National Cur...National Cur...Natural HistoryNatural Hist...OrnithologyOtter HuntingPalaeontologyPewter artef...PopulationPrehistory RegimentsRoadsSchoolsSeasideShell CrazeShellsShells and t...ShopsShrewsbury B...Shrewsbury F...Shrewsbury ShowShrewsbury S...Shropshire a...Shropshire a...Shropshire a...Shropshire R...Silver artef...Silver-gilt ...SnakesSnowSpiders (Ara...Sprigging or...TaxidermyTextilesTile and Pot...TransportWalesWater MillsWeatherWedgwood in ...Weights and ...WindmillsWinterWorms
Images: There are a total of 12472 images in the database.

Darwin Country is a website for lifelong learners, many of whom left school or college many years ago. However, the website provides a valuable resource for some courses undertaken by students in schools and colleges. The column on the left-hand side of this page provides links to information about parts of the National Curriculum (England) supported by this website. Further links will be added as the site is developed. Shrewsbury Museum Service's Darwin Country website was selected as one of four museum sites to take part in piloting cultural sector involvement in Curriculum Online (in association with Resource: the Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries). Curriculum Online is a Department for Education and Skills (DfES) sponsored website that provides teachers and learners with a one-stop online catalogue of digital learning resources. The four organisations selected for a pilot project to promote involvement in Curriculum Online among culture-sector organisations were:

Shrewsbury Museums Service
Cheltenham Museum and Art Gallery
The Royal Shakespeare Company
The British Museum

Diligence
Diligenz (W3)

Engl. "Diligence", veraltet dt. "Diligenz", hat als Übersetzung sowohl dt. "Fleiß", "Eifer", "Sorgfalt" als auch dt. "Postkutsche". Und selbst Goethe benutzte bei seiner Reise durch das Elsass die "Diligence", eine "leichte, vierrädrige Postkutsche für eilige Postsendungen". Zu Grunde liegt lat. "diligentia" = dt. "Aufmerksamkeit", "Sorgfalt", "Umsicht", "Gewissenhaftigkeit", "Pünktlichkeit". Zwischen "Eifer" und "Pünktlichkeit" kann man sicherlich einen Zusammenhang erkennen, so daß die "Diligence" genannte "Postkutsche" eigentlich als "die Pünktliche" übersetzt werden müßte (frz. "diligence" = "Schnelligkeit", "Fleiß").

Wenn man lat. "diligentia" etwas weiter zerpflückt stößt man auf lat. "legere" = "lesen", "sammeln" ("Lektion" zu "kirchenlat. "lectio" = "Lesung aus der Bibel"). Und indem man dem lat. "legere" ein paar Präfixe spendiert kommt man zu dt. "Kollektion", lat. "colligere" = "zusammenlesen", "zusammensuchen", "erwerben", "ernten" und zu lat. "deligere" = dt. "auslesen", "auswählen", "erwählen", auch (mil.) "ausheben", "mustern".

Demanch mußte "Diligence" schon einen flotten Durchmarsch machen, um sich von der einfachen "Auslese" zum auserlesenen Transportmittel, zur schnellen "Postkutsche" zu entwickeln. Aber kein Erfolg währt ewig. Und so steigt man heute doch lieber in den ICE statt in eine antiquierte Postkutsche um schnell von Ort zu Ort zu kommen.

Ergänzend sei noch das Adjektiv engl. "diligent" = dt. "fleißig", "emsig", "sorgfältig", "gewissenhaft" verwiesen, das bereits in lat. "diligens" = dt. "achtsam", "aufmerksam", "sorgfältig", "pünktlich", "gewissenhaft" angelegt ist.

Erstellt: 2010-10

dummies
Education & Languages

(E?)(L?) http://www.dummies.com/how-to/education-languages/All-Education-Languages.html?&sort=TITLE
21.02.2010:

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Algebra’s Laws of Logarithms
Logarithms help you add instead of multiply. The algebra formulas here make it easy to find equivalence, the logarithm of a product, quotient, power, reciprocal, base, and the log of 1. [more…]

Algebra’s Quadratic Formula
You can find solutions for quadratic equations by factoring, completing the square, guessing, or everyone's favorite - using the quadratic formula. The best thing about the quadratic formula [more…]

Algebra's Rules of Divisibility
In algebra, knowing the rules of divisibility can help you solve faster. When factoring algebraic expressions to solve equations, you need to be able to pull out the greatest factor. You also need common [more…]

Algebraic Permutations and Combinations
In algebra, you use permutations to count the number of subsets of a larger set. Use permutations when order is necessary. With combinations, you can count the number of subsets when order doesn't matter [more…]

Alien Secrets: The Vril Society
The Vril Society is a troublesome topic because there's no authentic proof that this secret society really existed, even though there's no shortage of people who claim that it did. What makes the Vril [more…]

Americanizing the War in Vietnam
Because U.S. President Lyndon Johnson continued to expand U.S. support to South Vietnam, the U.S. military presence continued and took a more aggressive posture in 1964. The American advisory effort remained [more…]

Analyzing the Causes of the Great Depression
America had gone through hard times before: a bank panic and depression in the early 1820s, other economic hard times in the late 1830s, the mid-1870s, and the early and mid-1890s. But never did it suffer [more…]

Analyzing the Consequences of the Great Depression
America had gone through hard times before: a bank panic and depression in the early 1820s, other economic hard times in the late 1830s, the mid-1870s, and the early and mid-1890s. But never did it suffer [more…]

Analyzing Theories of Psychology
Psychology - the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes - attempts to uncover why and how we do what we do. Different theories of psychology govern how different psychologists approach [more…]

Anatomic Cavities
Your body’s cavities are basically the “holes” that would be left (besides bones and tissues forming the space) if you removed your internal organs. Your body has two main cavities; the dorsal and ventral [more…]

Anatomic Organ Systems
If you’re talking anatomy and physiology, you’re talking about the human body and its organs. The 11 systems in the following list provide the means for every human activity from breathing to eating to [more…]

Anatomic Planes
When you’re talking anatomy and physiology, the body is divided into sections, usually three planes. Separating the body into sections, or cuts, let’s you know which body half is being explained. The anatomic [more…]

Anatomic Positions
Whenever you see an anatomical drawing, like the one below, you’re looking at the anatomic position. This standard position (standing straight, looking forward, arms at your side, and facing forward) keeps [more…]

Anatomic Terms
When you’re talking anatomy in a scientific way, everyday words such as front, back, side, above, and below just aren’t precise enough. Instead you use the anatomic terms in the following list: [more…]

Anatomical Body Cavities
Medical shows and crime shows have made body cavities all too familiar, and anatomically speaking, these spaces are very important, providing housing and protection for vital organs. The following list [more…]

Anatomical Planes of the Body
You may not think about the planes of your body much, but you have them nonetheless, and if you’re talking anatomy, knowing the names of the planes comes in handy. [more…]

Anatomy & Physiology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
The human body is a beautiful and efficient system well worth study. In order to study and talk about anatomy and physiology, you need to be familiar with standard anatomic positions and anatomic terms [more…]

Anatomy & Physiology Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet
To successfully studying anatomy and physiology, you'll want to understand all the Latin and Greek roots, prefixes and suffixes. Also study anatomic cavities, anatomic positions [more…]

Anatomy -- Flex Your Muscles
Muscle enables complex movements that are either under conscious control, such as clicking a computer mouse, or involuntary, such as the contraction of the heart or the peristalsis in the gut. To understand [more…]

Ancient Greece Timeline
Keep this helpful timeline in hand to remind yourself of the significant periods of time and essential events that took place throughout this important part of world history. [more…]

Ancient Greeks For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Ancient Greece is famous for its history, literature, architecture, philosophy… the list goes on! Here you will find a basic introduction to this fascinating civilization, including a map of the empire [more…]

The Angular Part of the Wave Function: Listing Spherical Harmonics
Many quantum physics problems, such as the hydrogen atom, involve solving problems in spherical coordinates. And when you use spherical coordinates, that almost always means using spherical harmonics. [more…]

Answering “Yes” and “No” in Spanish
Although answering “yes” in Spanish is pretty straightforward, answering “no” can be another story, complete with double negatives and a host of new negative words. The following sections break down the [more…]

Answering Spanish Questions in the Negative
Nunca, nadie, ninguno - the Spanish language contains lots of words to answer questions in the negative. These words (and some of their Spanish friends) can help you become a no-man [more…]

Applying the FOIL Method to Binomials
When you multiply two binomials, you can use the FOIL method. The letters in FOIL refer to two terms - one from each of two binomials - multiplied together in a certain order: [more…]

Arabic For Dummies Cheat Sheet
If you’re travelling to an Arabic speaking country, you'll feel more confident and relaxed if you can speak a bit of Arabic. You'll want to be able to ask basic questions. When greeting someone in Arabic [more…]

Arabic Travel-Related Words and Phrases
Traveling in Arabic-speaking countries can be confusing especially if you can't read the signs or understand the instructions you're given. Learning a few useful Arabic travel-related words and phrases [more…]

Arabic Vocabulary for Shopping
One of the best ways to explore another country is to go shopping. Whether you're shopping for clothes, food, or souvenirs, you can use the following phrases in any Arabic-speaking country to help you [more…]

Armageddon and the Book of Revelation
The events written in the biblical Book of Revelation go by a number of names - Armaggedon, Apocalypse, The End Times - and for thousands of years, people have been seeing the signs of Armaggedon in the [more…]

Articulating the Importance of Joints in Anatomy
Another word for anatomical joints is articulations from the Latin word articularis, meaning "jointed." There are many types of joints, and they tend to be classified by the amount of movement they permit [more…]

Asking about Hotel Parking in Spanish
If you plan to stay in a Spanish hotel, finding a place to park your car, if you have one, is important, especially where parking spaces are limited, as they tend to be in the beautiful colonial downtown [more…]

Asking for Directions to the Train Station in Spanish
Want to take a train in a Spanish-speaking country but are unsure of how to ask, in Spanish, for directions to the train station? The following steps can help you find a station with ease: [more…]

Asking How, When, Where, and Why Questions in Spanish
When you need to know how, when, where, or why, you turn to a special set of question words called interrogative adverbs. This is true both in Spanish and in English. Your interrogative adverb choices [more…]

Asking Politely with the Spanish Imperfect Subjunctive
Proper manners are important wherever you go, whether the people there speak Spanish, English, or Swahili. In polite society, when you ask for something instead of giving a direct order. You don’t say, [more…]

Asking Simple Questions in Italian
You usually ask a question to start a conversation. Of course, you don't necessarily have to ask the well-known: "Nice weather today, isn't it?" You have lots of other possibilities for framing a question [more…]

Assembling the Double Helix: The Structure of DNA
Nucleotides are the true building blocks of DNA. There are three components of a single nucleotide: one deoxyribose sugar, one phosphate, and one of the four bases. To make a complete DNA molecule, single [more…]

Asserting Jane Austen's Georgian-ness
Because of the charm of her plots, their setting in merry old England, and the Victorian-styled costumes and 1850 setting used in the first film adaptation of [more…]

Astronomy -- The Celestial Pole
Over the course of the night, stars move across the sky from east to west as a consequence of Earth's rotation on its axis. The stars appear to move in circular paths around a [more…]

Astronomy -- Time to Practice Saving the World
Ever wonder what would happen if the Earth were ever really threatened by an incoming asteroid just like in the movies? Well, some in the European Space Agency have been thinking about it, too. [more…]

ASVAB AFQT For Dummies Cheat Sheet
If you’re thinking about joining the U.S. military, your AFQT score may well be the most important score you achieve on any military test. You need a qualifying score on the AFQT, or your plans for enlistment [more…]

ASVAB AFQT Qualifying Scores
In order to enlist in the U.S. military, you have to take the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test (ASVAB). The ASVAB consists of nine separately timed subtests, which are primarily used by the military [more…]

ASVAB For Dummies Cheat Sheet
The ASVAB (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery) tests your abilities as they apply to military needs. To succeed on the ASVAB, you need a basic, high-school level knowledge of English, math, and [more…]

ASVAB Subtests
The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consists of subtests designed to determine your skill level or potential in English, math, and science - as well as more specialized fields such as [more…]

Atomic Structure: The Bohr Model
There are two models of atomic structure in use today: the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model. Of these two models, the Bohr model is simpler and relatively easy to understand. [more…]

Atomic Structure: The Quantum Mechanical Model
Two models of atomic structure are in use today: the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model. The quantum mechanical model is based on mathematics. Although it is more difficult to understand than [more…]

Avoiding Common Mistakes with Adjectives and Adverbs
A few words - even, almost, only, and others - often end up in the wrong spots. If these words aren't placed correctly, your sentence may say something that you didn't intend. [more…]

Avoiding Issues When Solving Physics Problems
If you get stumped working on physics formulas, take a deep breath, and recheck your work. Go through these common physics problem issues to make sure you have avoided them: [more…]

Ballads - a Traditional Form of Poetry
Ballads are a traditional form of poetry that conveys romantic or even lurid stories. Ballads are narrative poems with roots in the thirteenth century. They are still are being written today, especially [more…]

Barbarian Invasions: Lightening Up the Dark Ages
Everyone talks about the barbarian invasions during the Dark Ages, but barbarian is rather unfair. These "barbarians" had a well-developed culture, with their own laws and forms of art and codes of ethics [more…]

Bartering at a Traditional Spanish Market
Knowing how to barter for goods when you’re shopping at a traditional Spanish market can help you get the best merchandise at the best price. Bartering [more…]

Basic Algebra Conventions
In algebra, a letter such as x that takes the place of a number in one or more equations is called a variable. Practices you need to know about how algebra problems are written: [more…]

Basic Approaches for Solving LSAT Logic Games
It's hard to know where to start when trying to answer the questions in a logic game in the Analytical Reasoning section of the LSAT. A systematic approach can certainly help you get your bearings. When [more…]

The Basic Differentiation Rules
Calculus can be difficult, but you can figure out these differentiation rules in a snap. If you can memorize these differentiation rules, you’ll make your calculus life a much easier one: [more…]

Basic Equipment Used in Biology Experiments
The daily routine of a biologist involves the use of basic equipment in their biology experiments - such as microscopes, test tubes, beakers, and Bunsen burners - as well as high-tech scientific equipment [more…]

Basic Information about the ACT Test
The ACT, like other college entrance exams, consists of several different tests that aim to pick your brain on a variety of subjects from math to English to science. The following table tells you about [more…]

Basic Math & Pre-Algebra Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet
To successfully study pre-algebra, understand that a specific order of operations needs to be applied. Also recognize some basic math principles, such as the ability to recognize and understand mathematical [more…]

Basic Math Formulas
If you’re looking to find the area or volumes of basic shapes like rectangles, triangles, or circles, keep this diagram handy for the simple math formulas: [more…]

The Basic Principles of Freemasons
Freemasons have a set of basic principles that they all live by. Masonic lodge members promise never to bring anything offensive or defensive into the lodge with them - both weapons and words. The object [more…]

Basic Question Words in Italian
To communicate in Italian and to travel with ease, there are practical questions in Italian (or any language for that matter) that you'll use daily and have to know: [more…]

Basic Questions in Arabic
Knowing how to ask a few useful questions in Arabic will help you with the basics of communicating. These Arabic questions will help with greetings, directions, and getting information you need. [more…]

The Basic Structure of Proteins
Without proteins, living things would not exist. Proteins are involved in every aspect of every living thing. Many proteins provide structure to cells; others bind to and carry important molecules throughout [more…]

The Basic Structures of a Living Plant
Plants have a root system, a stem or trunk, branches, leaves, and reproductive structures (sometimes flowers, sometimes cones or spores, and so on). Most plants are [more…]

The Basics of Copyrights
A copyright protects an Original Work of Authorship (OWA) - think short story, computer program, or song lyrics, for example - which must have tangible form, be a result of significant mental activity, [more…]

The Basics of Nuclear Fission
Nuclear fission occurs when a larger isotope breaks apart into two or more elements. Scientists usually accomplish this task (for some controlled nuclear reactions) by bombarding a large isotope with a [more…]

The Basics of Organic Chemistry
When you explore biology, you’ll find that many processes are constantly occurring in living organisms. The study of organic chemistry - which focuses on carbon molecules - is central to all living organisms [more…]

Basics of Positive and Negative Numbers
Positive and negative numbers are all integers. Integers are whole numbers that are either greater than zero (positive) or less than zero (negative). For every positive integer, there's a negative integer [more…]

Battles in the Sky: Nostradamus Predicts World War I
Oh, the irony of naming things. World War I was originally called The Great War because no one imagined that all the nations would fight at once - never mind the idea they'd do it again later. No one imagined [more…]

Before You Begin Your Creative Writing
Always be prepared! Here’s a checklist of useful writing aids to have with you as you begin to write - just don’t forget the chocolate biscuits. [more…]

The Big Deal Behind the NCLEX-RN Exam
The NCLEX-RN has only one objective: to determine if you can safely operate as an entry-level nurse in the state in which you've chosen to practice. This isn't a test of your IQ or how fast you can start [more…]

The Big If: Spanish Conditional Tense
Maybe you would better understand Spanish verb tenses today if you had paid more attention in your high school Spanish classes. Would . . . that’s what the conditional tense is all about. If the conditions [more…]

Big Names in the Ancient Game of Philosophy
If you’re into philosophy, it’s important to become acquainted with some of the early founding philosophers. This list contains the big names and big thinkers of ancient times: [more…]

The Big Three in Greek Philosophy
You can't begin a study of world philosophy without talking about the big three ancient Greek philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. [more…]

Biochemistry For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Studying amino acids (the building blocks of proteins which we need to grow and develop) is essential in Biochemistry. The four subgroups of Amino acids are: nonpolar, polar and uncharged, acidic, and [more…]

Biochemistry's Acidic Amino Acids
Important to the study of biochemistry, aspartic and glumatic acids are negatively charged at physiological pH and polar. These two amino acids make up the acidic amino acid group and are represented here [more…]

Biochemistry's Basic Amino Acids
Amino acids are important to the study of biochemistry because they’re the building blocks of proteins found in all cells. The basic group of amino acids is represented here: [more…]

Biogeography: Watching Darwin's Finches
Biogeography is simply the study of the locations of different species through space. Biogeography reveals that species that appear to be closely related tend to be geographically close as well, as though [more…]

The Biological Circle and Cycles of Life
Understand the cycles and pathways that keep life moving, and you’ll have a good grasp of the concept of how energy is passed around and converted, allowing life forms to function. The circle of life is [more…]

Biology -- Visiting the Fungi Kingdom
Fungi once were considered to be plants because they grow out of the soil and have rigid cell walls. Nowadays they are placed independently in their own kingdom of equal rank with the animals and plants [more…]

Biology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Keys to the study of biology are: the cellular processes that occur simultaneously in our bodies and the methods of converting and transferring energy among living things [more…]

Biology: Living in the Biosphere
The biosphere is the blanket of living things that surrounds the substratum (rock layer) of the earth. The biosphere is composed of living organisms as well as the physical environment. [more…]

The Birth of Impressionism: Manet and Monet
Impressionism began to take shape in the 1860s on the canvases of Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. But the actual birth of Impressionism was probably the summer of 1869, when Monet [more…]

Body Language For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Have you ever wondered what people’s body language reveals about their feelings? Perhaps you want to change the way that people see you. Find out how to decode those secret signals with this Cheat Sheet [more…]

Body Language That Says You Claim Your Space
Remind yourself that you have the right to be where you are. You have no need to apologise to anyone. Use the following body language to increase your sense of self-confidence. [more…]

Bone Vocabulary
Adult human bones are composed of 30 percent protein (called ossein), 45 percent minerals (including calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium), and 25 percent water. Minerals give the bone strength and hardness [more…]

Boning Up (Er, Down) on Gravity
Gravity is a force of nature that you experience every day. It's produced by all matter in the universe and attracts all pieces of matter, regardless of type. The Earth produces gravity and so do the sun [more…]

Boning Up on Irregular Past Participles in Spanish
The Spanish language has a hefty collection of verbs that have irregular past participles. Not all verbs can be as structured and disciplined as the regular [more…]

Boosting Your Vocabulary for Standardized Tests
During the years of your formal education, you face numerous standardized tests - at least in the U.S. school system. The following suggestions can help you get your skills up to speed for the reading [more…]

Brightening Your World with Colors in Spanish
Shopping for clothes, home décor items, and other household goods in Spanish-speaking countries requires some familiarity with describing these colores [more…]

The British Sign Language Alphabet
Using British Sign Language (BSL) means you very often need to spell out words using signs for individual letters. Here we show you how to sign the letters of the alphabet. [more…]

British Sign Language For Dummies Cheat Sheet
British Sign language is the standard medium of communication for the Deaf community in the United Kingdom. It’s as rich and complex a language as any other, and just like with any other language you need [more…]

British Sign Language Numbers, 1-10
Whenever and wherever you use British Sign Language, sooner or later you’ll need to indicate number. Whether you’re talking money, time or quantity, you need to have the basic numbers at your fingertips [more…]

Budgeting Your Time to Complete a Research Paper
In a perfect world, writing a major research paper would be such a delightful experience that you would eagerly jump right in and start writing a brilliant paper that's just the right length and completed [more…]

Building a Bill in Congress
As soon as you start working with the United States Congress, you begin hearing about this bill or that bill. It's as if someone named Bill is everywhere in Washington. In the congressional context, a [more…]

Building Logical Arguments
When people say "Let's be logical" about a given situation or problem, they usually mean "Let's follow these steps:"

1. Figure out what we know to be true. [more…]

Building the Body: From Atoms to Organs
Your body, as a whole, is one organism. However, many, many parts make up that whole. As you consider the various levels of the body (see Figure 1), you understand that a large number of parts are within [more…]

Building Up Your Author Support Network
If you’ve finished writing a novel but aren’t published yet, you should have two goals: to make sure your novel is as good as it can be and to market yourself to agents and editors who can help you get [more…]

Building Your Vocabulary for U.S. Citizenship
Living in the U.S., you'll find opportunities to practice English everywhere - you'll encounter native English speakers in your job or daily activities, and wherever you look you'll see signs in English [more…]

Calculus For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Calculus requires knowledge of other math disciplines. To make studying and working out problems in calculus easier, make sure you know basic formulas for geometry, trigonometry, integral calculus, and [more…]

Calendar Terms in Russian
When making plans, appointments, and travel arrangements in Russian-speaking countries, you need to be able to state dates and other calendar terms in Russian. Understanding the days of the week and the [more…]

Calling for Help in Spanish
You don’t want to think about worst-case scenarios when planning a vacation to a Spanish-speaking country, but you never know when you might find yourself in a situation where calling for help in Spanish [more…]

Capturing the Reader's Attention in Your College Admission Essay
When you begin reading a piece of writing, what inspires you to keep reading? Here are several techniques that will super-glue your reader's attention to your essay. [more…]

Career Opportunities in Biochemistry
Because of recent advances in biochemistry and biotechnology, many new professions have been created for biochemistry majors. Those who stop at the BS degree often find themselves working as technicians [more…]

Career Opportunities in Biology
Some career opportunities in the field of biology include corporate scientists, university scientists, and specialists in selected fields. Biology scientists do not just mix chemicals in different types [more…]

Cashing In on Spanish Money Terms
Although each Spanish-speaking country has its own form of currency, some words and phrases about money are the same, no matter where you travel. Here are a few Spanish words and phrases that you can take [more…]

Categorizing Congressional Lobbyists
Usually when people refer lobbyists, they're talking about professionals, people who hire themselves out to clients to work on their behalf. Frequently, lobbyists started their careers either as members [more…]

Categorizing Mother Nature: The Linnaean Taxonomic System
In order to effectively study plants and animals, all scientists need to use the same names. Using the same names keeps scientists from getting confused about what species is being referred to. [more…]

Cellular Processes Outline
Every living thing needs fuel, and regardless of the source (plant or animal), that fuel is broken down into nutrients which are needed to fuel all the other cellular processes. Metabolism is the sum of [more…]

Cellular Respiration in Molecular Biology
Cellular respiration is your body's way of breaking down food molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and making their stored energy available to the cell. Here's a brief overview: [more…]

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
In molecular and cell biology, central dogma is the passage of information from DNA to RNA to protein. Here's a brief breakdown of central dogma's process: [more…]

The Changing States of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
When a substance goes from one state of matter - solid, liquid, or gas - to another state of matter, the process is a change of state. Some rather interesting things occur during this process. [more…]

Checking into a Hotel in Spanish
If you're traveling abroad, knowing a few Spanish hotel words and phrases can help you find good hotel accommodations in a Spanish-speaking area. The following dialogue shows what could be a common dialogue [more…]

Checking Out Real Estate Licensing and Exam Basics
Every state has at least two license levels for its real estate agents: salesperson and broker. (Briefly, a real estate broker is someone authorized by the state to perform certain activities such as sales [more…]

The Checklist for Writing a Novel and Getting Published
Don’t fall down on the easy stuff. If you’re writing a novel and sending your manuscript to a publisher, it has to be in perfect shape. Make sure that you can tick every box before you consider your novel [more…]

Chemistry -- Can You Take the Heat?
For chemical reactions and phase transformations, the energy absorbed or liberated is measured as heat. The principal unit for reporting heat is the calorie [more…]

Chemistry -- Hydrocarbons
An infinite variety of compounds can be assembled from only carbon and hydrogen atoms. So-called hydrocarbons may be the simplest organic compounds, but they have mighty economic importance because they [more…]

Chemistry -- Subatomic Particles
The exploration of atomic structure began in 1911, when Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealander who worked in Canada and England, discovered that atoms had a dense central [more…]

Chemistry Basics
Gain a better understanding of chemistry by getting a handle on the basics: the laws, formulas, and reactions that make up some of the foundation of chemistry. [more…]

Chemistry For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Successfully studying and understanding chemistry begins with comprehending the basics, referring to the periodic table for the properties of elements, and knowing your conversions when making measurements [more…]

Chemistry: The States of Matter
Look around you. All the stuff you see - your chair, the water you're drinking - is matter. Matter is the material part of the universe. It's anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter can exist [more…]

Chinese Travel-Related Words and Phrases
Traveling in a Chinese-speaking country can be confusing if you can't read the signs or understand the instructions you're given. Learning a few useful travel-related words and phrases in Chinese before [more…]

Chinese Vocabulary for Shopping
Develop a Chinese shopping vocabulary to gain a new cultural experience when traveling. Whether you're shopping for clothes, food, or souvenirs, you can use the following Chinese phrases to help you find [more…]

Choosing an Alternative Career Path with a Law Degree
You put in the time, money, blood, sweat, and tears necessary to make it through law school, but find that you don’t really want to be a lawyer. Rest assured that you’re not alone. Many law school graduates [more…]

Choosing between Future Perfect and Conditional Perfect in Spanish
Conceptually speaking, the future and conditional perfect verb tenses in Spanish are similar - each tense expresses completed action in a future time. The similarities end there, however, because the future [more…]

Choosing to Use Who and Whom
The whole topic of pronouns is enough to give you a headache, but the time has come to put to rest one of the peskiest pronoun problems once and for all. The rule for knowing when to use [more…]

Circulatory Systems in Plants and Animals
The circulatory system is the method of transport in plants and animals. Animals must have nutrients and oxygen reach every cell in their body. Plants must have nutrients and carbon dioxide reach every [more…]

Classifying Three Types of Triangles
Triangles are classified according to the length of their sides or the measure of their angles. These classifications come in threes, just like the sides and angles themselves. That is, a triangle has [more…]

Collision Theory: How Chemical Reactions Occur
In order for a chemical reaction to take place, the reactants must collide. The collision between the molecules in a chemical reaction provides the kinetic energy needed to break the necessary bonds so [more…]

Combining Square Roots
Square roots, which use the radical symbol, are nonbinary operations - operations which involve just one number - that ask you, “What number times itself gives you this number under the radical?” Finding [more…]

Combustion Reactions of Fuels and Foods
Combustion reactions of fuels and foods are types of redox reactions that are essential for life and civilization - because heat is the most important product of these reactions. [more…]

Committing a Few Number-Editing Rules to Memory
Most rules are rife with exceptions in the publishing industry, but a few are so standard and ubiquitous that they're well worth memorizing. One set of rules that are pretty standard is how to deal with [more…]

Common Conversational Words and Phrases in Arabic
By mastering the basics of polite conversation in Arabic, you put yourself and the person you're talking to at ease. Everyone should learn essential Arabic conversational words and phrases before traveling [more…]

Common Conversational Words and Phrases in Chinese
By mastering the basics of conversation in Chinese, you put yourself and the person you're talking to at ease. Everyone should learn essential Chinese conversational words and phrases before traveling [more…]

Common Conversational Words and Phrases in French
By mastering the basics of conversation in French, you put yourself and the person you're talking to at ease. Everyone should learn essential French conversational words and phrases before traveling to [more…]

Common Conversational Words and Phrases in German
By mastering the basics of polite conversation, you can put yourself and the person you're talking with at ease. You'll find that there are many words and phrases that come up in most everyday conversations [more…]

Common Conversational Words and Phrases in Italian
By mastering the basics of conversation in Italian, you put yourself and the person you're talking to at ease. Everyone should learn essential Italian conversational words and phrases before traveling [more…]

Common Conversational Words and Phrases in Japanese
By mastering the basics of polite conversation, you can put yourself and the person you're talking with at ease. There are some essential conversation words and phrases that everyone should master before [more…]

Common Conversational Words and Phrases in Russian
By mastering the basics of polite conversation in Russian, you put yourself and the person you're talking to at ease. Everyone should learn essential Russian conversational words and phrases before traveling [more…]

Common Driving Concerns in Spanish-Speaking Countries
Driving in a foreign country can be disconcerting. Addressing common driving concerns (like driver’s licenses and road signs) when planning your trip to a Spanish-speaking country is invaluable. That way [more…]

Common Geometry Symbols
Using geometry symbols will save time and space when writing proofs, properties, and figuring formulas. The most commonly used geometry symbols and their meanings are [more…]

Common Medical Root Words
The root of a word is its main part and core meaning. These common medical root words give you a general idea of what you’re dealing with or specify a body part. [more…]

Common Psychological Disorders and Where to Seek Help for Them
Psychology involves not just mental health but physical behavior, and many of the most common psychological disorders are recognizable by the way people act under their influence. The following table lists [more…]

Common Russian Expressions
Every culture has a way of taking familiar words and turning them into something else. Russia is no exception. These uniquely Russian expressions don't translate literally to English and aren't essential [more…]

The Common Types of Chemical Reactions
Several general types of chemical reactions can occur based on what happens when going from reactants to products. The more common types of chemical reactions are as follows: [more…]

Common Vocabulary Prefixes - Co-, De-, and In-
Adding to your vocabulary is easier if you know meaning of common prefixes, which help you understand the meaning of words. The following list contains three common prefixes and their meanings: [more…]

Common Vocabulary Suffixes
When you’re stretching your vocabulary, pay attention to the endings of new words (their suffixes) for clues to their meaning. The following table lists common suffixes and their meanings: [more…]

Communicating Clearly in Online Courses
Communication is vital in all forms of education, and online education is no exception. The following are a few tips to help you communicate effectively online: [more…]

Communicating with Immigration Officials in Spanish
Communicating with Spanish-speaking airport personnel can be intimidating, especially when you’re dealing with Immigration. Here are some Spanish airport-related phrases you may hear [more…]

Computer Output for Statistics II
If you’re taking Statistics II, you’re likely to face questions on computer output for multiple regression and ANOVA. Professors like to give output on exams and ask you to interpret it. Sometimes they [more…]

Concepts that Influenced Nostradamus
Although Nostradamus (and many of his adherents) believed he could see the future, Nostradamus was a man of his times who was influenced by the popular concepts and culture of the day. He was a student [more…]

Concerning the Nature of Hobbits in Tolkien's Middle-earth
Tolkien seems to have regarded the Elves as his favorite creatures of Middle-earth, but most of his readers seem to be hobbit-lovers at heart. They find hobbits to be the most likeable and also to be the [more…]

Concerns about Nuclear Power
In the United States, there are approximately 100 nuclear power plants producing more than 20 percent of the country's electricity. Almost 80 percent of France's electricity is generated through nuclear [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Entender (to Understand/Know About)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like entender, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Estar (to Be)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like estar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Hacer (to Do/Make)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like hacer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Ir (to Go)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like ir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Jugar (to Play)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like jugar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Probar (to Try)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like probar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Querer (to Want)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like querer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Salir (to Go Out/Leave)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like salir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Ser (to Be)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like ser, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Tener (to Have)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like tener, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Traer (to Bring)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like traer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Irregular Spanish Verb Venir (to Come)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like venir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Reflexive Spanish Verb Despertarse (to Wake Up)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like despertarse, you need to be able to identify which group a verb [more…]

Conjugating the Reflexive Spanish Verb Llamarse (to Call Oneself)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like llamarse, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Ayudar (to Help)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like ayudar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Bailar (to Dance)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like bailar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Bajar (to Go Down)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like bajar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Beber (to Drink)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like beber, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Buscar (to Look/Search)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like buscar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Cambiar (to Change)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like cambiar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Caminar (to Walk)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like caminar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Cantar (to Sing)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like cantar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Comer (to Eat)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like comer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Comprar (to Shop/Buy)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like comprar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Dejar (to Leave Something)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like dejar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Dormir (to Sleep)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like dormir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Escribir (to Write)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like escribir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Escuchar (to Listen)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like escuchar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Esperar (to Wait)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like esperar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Gustar (to Like)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like gustar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Haber (to Have)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. Haber(ah-bvehr) (to have) is used only with compound tenses. It serves as a helping verb that completes an action [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Hablar (to Speak)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like hablar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Invitar (to Invite)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like invitar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Leer (to Read)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like leer, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Nadar (to Swim)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like nadar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Subir (to Go Up/Ascend)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like subir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Tocar (to Play an Instrument/Touch)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like tocar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Tomar (to Take/Drink)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like tomar, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Vender (to Sell)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like vender, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Conjugating the Spanish Verb Vivir (to Live)
Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. If you’re going to master Spanish verbs like vivir, you need to be able to identify which group a verb belongs [more…]

Considering an AP English Literature and Composition Class
Whether or not to enroll in that AP English Literature and Composition class can be a difficult decision. An AP English class can be a lot of work, but it can yield great rewards. Here is some information [more…]

Considering the Reasons to Study Abroad
After you've gotten through the first year at your home university, you probably feel like you finally know all the buildings on campus, can find your way around town, know which professors to avoid, which [more…]

Constructing Basic Spanish Sentences
Sentences are vital to communicating in Spanish (or any language) because, when you meet people, you need to form sentences to talk with them. In Spanish, as in English, you form a basic sentence by combining [more…]

Constructing Simple Sentences in French
Although the word "grammar" may make you as nervous now as it did when you were in grammar school, you can relax your grip on that number 2 pencil: Grammar is merely the school glue that holds your French [more…]

Constructing Your Manga Plot
Following are the basic stages that a manga-ka (a manga artist) uses to create an original plot. The basic stages are widely embraced by the manga-ka community today, and they originate from classical [more…]

Conversion Table for Physical Measurements in Physics
If you’re messing around with physics, sooner rather than later you’ll need to convert inches to centimeters or Newtons to dynes. This handy list helps you convert between systems of measurement to measure [more…]

Conveying Uncertainty with the Spanish Subjunctive
The Spanish subjunctive mood doesn’t need to be positive. It simply needs to be uncertain, and uncertainty can take many forms, including doubt, impersonal opinion, and incomplete action. Use the subjunctive [more…]

Coordinate Geometry Formulas
When you work in geometry, you sometimes work with graphs, which means you’re working with coordinate geometry.Becoming familiar with the formulas and principles of geometric graphs makes sense, and you [more…]

Copyediting for Political Correctness
What do Tron, Rubik's Cubes, parachute pants, and political correctness have in common? They all got their start in the 1980s. And while Tron is now a cult classic, Rubik's Cubes are tradeshow freebies [more…]

Counting in English
Counting in English, when English isn’t your native language, is easy to learn with this useful Cheat Sheet and pronunciation guide. Use this Cheat Sheet to practise telephone numbers, currency and people’s [more…]

Counting on Numbers in Sign Language
Did you know that counting in Sign can be done in 27 different ways? That's a pretty cool piece of trivia, but for this article, you just concentrate on two of those ways - using cardinal and ordinal numbers [more…]

Counting on Numbers in Spanish
Counting in Spanish uses the same basic numbers over and over, just like in English. So after you know the cardinal numbers from 1 to 10, 11 to 19, and the multiples of 10, you can count until the cows [more…]

Covalent Bonds: A Hydrogen Example
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that comes from the sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms. Hydrogen is an example of an extremely simple covalent compound. [more…]

Covalent Bonds: Types of Chemical Formulas
There are several types of chemical formulas that you can use to represent chemical bonds. These include empirical formulas, molecular (or true) formulas, and structural formulas. [more…]

Covering Cool Organic Discoveries
Chance and fortune have played a major role in the big discoveries in organic chemistry (although, as Pasteur would say, luck favors the prepared mind). [more…]

Crafting Your Character's Dialogue in Your Screenplay
A well-crafted verbal exchange is like a catchy song. Diction provides the lyrics; music provides the tune. Dialogue relies on the sounds of words as well as their definitions, on the rhythm of a conversation [more…]

Cramer’s Rule for Linear Algebra
Named for Gabriel Cramer, Cramer’s Rule provides a solution for a system of two linear algebraic equations in terms of determinants - the numbers associated with a specific, square matrix. [more…]

A Crash Course in Poetic History
Poems represent some of the greatest works of literature assembled. Peruse these noteworthy poems to see some of the early creations and how poetry evolved: [more…]

Creating Common Manga Characters
When you know how to draw a manga figure, you're ready to turn your attention to creating your own characters. A number of common archetypes appear often in manga. In this case, [more…]

Creating Compound Verb Tenses in Spanish
Each simple tense of a Spanish verb has a corresponding compound tense - seven simple tenses, seven compound tenses. The compound tenses make actions perfect or complete. The compound tenses are: [more…]

Creating Contractions with Articles in Spanish
Believe it or not, the entire Spanish language features only two contractions. And unlike English contractions, which never include the definite article [more…]

Creating Emotional Conflict and Tension in a Romance Novel
The conflict, or tension, between your hero and heroine should always drive your plot. Your novel should also have a certain story-related momentum, but the key factor that keeps your reader turning pages [more…]

Creating Simple, Verb-Free Sentences in Arabic
There are two ways to form sentences in Arabic: You can manipulate definite and indefinite nouns and adjectives, or you can pull together nouns, adjectives, and verbs. In Arabic, it's possible to create [more…]

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Criminology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Immersing yourself in the behavioral science of criminology involves analyzing the tools and approaches for helping you, and society as a whole, understand and even control criminal behavior. From interpreting [more…]

Crunching Numbers: Writing in Scientific Notation
Scientific notation is a system for writing very large and very small numbers that makes them easier to work with. Every number can be written in scientific notation as the product of two numbers: [more…]

Cryptogram Exercise
In this cryptogram, influential Freemason Albert Pike expresses his true feelings on slavery, in several statements on the subject gathered here as a single paragraph: [more…]

Curses: Repeating the GRE Test
Should you repeat the test? Before you make that decision, ask yourself the following questions: [more…]

Days of the Week and Months of the Year in English
Want to learn the days of the week and the months of the year in English? Keep this Cheat Sheet handy and use the pronunciation guide to practice. [more…]

Days of the Week in Arabic
Use this list, which includes pronunciation, to keep track of the weekdays in Arabic. Notice that in Arabic, the days of the week are not capitalized. [more…]

Days of the Week in Italian
In Italian, the days of the week aren't capitalized. Eyeball this table of the days of the week in Italian (along with pronunciations and abbreviations) to ensure you get your days straight while in Italy [more…]

Days of the Week in Spanish
Maybe you’ve seen an international calendar listing the days of the week in different languages, including Spanish. But which of those were the Spanish words? Here are [more…]

Dealing with Analogy Questions
Analogies are a gift. Manna from heaven. Freebies. For most students, analogies are the place to rack up the points big time. The number of analogies on the computer-based GRE can vary, but you almost [more…]

Dealing with Unique Spanish Punctuation
One distinguishing feature of Spanish is its use of double punctuation in written questions and exclamations. Spanish uses punctuation to indicate the tone of what you’re writing at both the beginning [more…]

Debating Who Actually Won the Civil War
Wars are won and lost for thousands of reasons. Civil wars, because of the bitterness and cruelty they entail, often result in long debates about why one side defeated the other. No one is ever satisfied [more…]

Debunking Common Myths about Freemasonry
Modern Freemasonry has been around since 1717. The first concocted untruths about the Order appeared in print at almost the same time. The United States was consumed by anti-Masonic hysteria in the late [more…]

Debunking Dan Brown: The Real Knights Templar
The Knights Templar are almost as fictional in Dan Brown's The Da Vinci Code as the Jedi Knights are in Star Wars. Although hero Robert Langdon at first hesitates to bring up the Templars in his lectures [more…]

Debunking Some Myths about Copyediting and Proofreading
Maybe you're carrying around some archaic images in your skull about what copyediting and proofreading entail. If you assume that taking this career path means you'll be wearing nerdy glasses while forever [more…]

Debunking the Beatles Conspiracy: "Paul Is Dead"
One of the strangest events surrounding the Beatles was the rumor in 1966 that band member Paul McCartney was dead. Not only was he dead, but was replaced with a double. More amazing was that the band [more…]

Deciding between the Preterit and Imperfect Verb Tenses in Spanish
When you use past tense verbs in Spanish, you need to pick between the preterit and the imperfect tenses. Choosing the right verb tense is key for making your meaning clear. For example, when talking about [more…]

Deciding Which SAT Subject Test to Take
Until the regular SAT changed in 2005, it used to be a little easier to decide which SAT II subject area tests you needed to take. Most of the colleges that required the SAT II made you take the SAT II [more…]

Deciphering Spanish Surnames
The construction of a Spanish surname (otherwise known as a last name) is quite different from that of an English surname. Here’s an example to help you understand how Spanish names are constructed: [more…]

Declaring Independence for America
Starting in 1763, England and her American colonies began to irritate each other almost incessantly. Once blood was spilled at Lexington and Concord, war became inevitable, even though there were some [more…]

Declining a Latin Noun
They say that old Latin teachers never die - they just decline. Whether this is true of teachers, declining and declension are facts of life that all Latin nouns must face. A declension is a group of nouns [more…]

Decoding a Spanish Cryptogram Puzzle
Cracking the code of a cryptogram puzzle (in which letters stand in for other letters) becomes easier when you know a few inside tips: [more…]

Decoding Medical Lingo
If you're watching a TV drama about doctors, it doesn't matter whether you understand exactly what's being said. But when you're sitting in a doctor's office and he or she is talking about your child, [more…]

Decrypting Cryptographic Ciphers
Cryptography today has evolved into a complex science (some say an art) presenting many great promises and challenges in the field of information security. The basics of cryptography include classes and [more…]

Defining Differences between the SAT II, SAT I, and ACT
Many people are befuddled about how the SAT II, SAT I, and the ACT compare - and how they're decidedly different. The following points can help you keep these three tests straight. [more…]

Defining Family Relationships in Spanish
In Latin America, the family is the basic unit of Spanish society. People work, live, and function in consonance with their families. When visiting your Spanish-speaking neighbors, you’ll be more comfortable [more…]

Defining Number Systems in Algebra
A number system in algebra is a set of numbers - and different number systems solve different types of algebra problems. Number systems include real numbers, natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational [more…]

Defining Romanticism in the Arts
Many art historians will tell you that Romanticism slips through your fingers when you try to define it. That's partly because Romantic artists didn't have one style like the Impressionists or Expressionists [more…]

Defining the Different Types of Violent Crime
In criminology, how a violent crime is approached depends very much on how the crime is defined. So many different legal terms exist for various forms of violent crimes that it’s often hard for people [more…]

Defining the Radian in Trigonometry
A person's introduction to angles is usually in terms of degrees. You probably have a good idea of what a 45-degree angle looks like. And even most middle-school students know that a triangle consists [more…]

Defining the Science of Biology
Biology literally means the study of life. There are many different types of living organisms, environments, and combinations of genetic material. The science of biology includes all information related [more…]

The Degrees of the Scottish Rite, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction
The Northern Masonic Jurisdiction (NMJ) of the Scottish Rite has tinkered with and updated the degrees that Freemason Albert Pike created in the 1860s. The NMJ believes that modern Freemasons get the most [more…]

The Degrees of the Scottish Rite, Southern Masonic Jurisdiction
The Southern Masonic Jurisdiction (SMJ) of the Scottish Rite essentially uses the same rituals that were written by Freemason Albert Pike in the 1860s. Pike wrote in Victorian times and liberally included [more…]

Demonstrating Openness and Confidence through Your Body Language
Your moods, attitudes and feelings affect your body movements and facial expressions. People who feel good about themselves walk upright, move with purpose and radiate warmth and energy. [more…]

Department Store Shopping: Spanish Vocabulary
When shopping in a Spanish department store, a few simple Spanish phrases can help you find what you’re looking for. Shopping in a Spanish department store is an experience you’re likely to be more accustomed [more…]

Describing Parts of the Body in Spanish
Getting familiar with Spanish terms for parts of the body now can be helpful should you face a medical emergency while visiting a Spanish-speaking country later on. Fortunately, talking about various parts [more…]

Describing the Anatomic Position
To describe or talk about human anatomy, you need to start from an agreed-upon view of the human body. The anatomic position for the human form is the figure standing upright, eyes looking forward, upper [more…]

Designing a Computer-Based Training Process
In any good architecture, the vision drives the details, and the details shape the vision. Therefore, a good outcome depends on a good design. It requires knowledge of how people learn, and it deserves [more…]

Designing Experiments Using the Scientific Method
How do the scientists know what they know? When it comes to gathering information, scientists usually rely on the scientific method.
The scientific method [more…]

Designing Homeschool Unit Studies
Even if you use textbook curriculum for most of your homeschool studies, breaking out of the print mold and jumping headlong into a unit study is nice every now and then. For one thing, it makes your students [more…]

Detecting Diphthongs in Spanish
Diphthong means double sound. The Spanish word is diptongo (deep-tohn-goh). Diptongos are the combination of two vowels, from the Spanish-speaking point of view. For instance, the vowels [more…]

Determining How Your ASVAB Scores Affect Your Enlistment in Job-Training Programs
Each service branch has its own individual system of ASVAB scores. Recruiters and military job counselors use these scores, along with other factors such as job availability, security clearance eligibility [more…]

Determining Whether You Really Want to Become a U.S. Citizen
Becoming a U.S. citizen carries important duties and responsibilities, as well as rights, rewards, and privileges. Before you make the decision to pursue U.S. citizenship, you need to be aware of what [more…]

Developing an Artistic Sensibility for Screenwriting
You've probably heard the saying "Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery." Now, that doesn't mean that you should copy the stories or even the style of other writers, but you may want to try moving [more…]

Developing Campaigns: The Art of War during the Civil War
Military commanders follow the principles of war to defeat an enemy in the best and quickest way possible. An army commander must first decide whether to conduct an offensive or defensive campaign. The [more…]

Developing Critical-Thinking Strategies for the NCLEX-RN
The NCLEX-RN tests your critical-thinking skills, so you need to start thinking about your critical-thinking abilities both in providing nursing care and inserting yourself into the nursing situations [more…]

Different Patterns of Evolution
Groups of species undergo various kinds of natural selection and, over time, may engage in several patterns of evolution: convergent evolution, divergent evolution, parallel evolution, [more…]

Differentiating between Por and Para in Spanish
The prepositions por (pohr) and para (pah-rah) in Spanish cause a lot of problems when you’re trying to learn the language, because both words mean for [more…]

Discovering Italian High Renaissance Artists
If you are familiar with any Renaissance, it is with the Italian High Renaissance. In this article, you encounter names of master artists that have become household words. Now you can put those names in [more…]

Discovering Pythagorean Triples
The Pythagorean Theorem is certainly one of the most famous theorems in all of mathematics. Mathematicians and lay people alike have studied it for centuries, and people have proved it in many different [more…]

Discovering Test-Taking Strategies for the GED
You can increase your GED score by practicing smart exam-taking. This article gives you some tips for planning your time, guessing intelligently, and reviewing your work. [more…]

Discovering the Biogeochemical Cycles
Boy, put biology, geology, and chemistry together, and you get biogeochemical! When you talk about the "circle of life," the circle to which you are referring is a [more…]

Discovering the Gold Standards of Architectural Rescue
Today, American architects follow standards established by the Secretary of the Interior when preserving architecture. The following definitions for preservation, restoration, reconstruction and replication [more…]

Discovering the Key to Every Romance Novel: The Heroine
Most romance readers are women, and naturally, they want to see themselves reflected in their choice of reading. That desire for reflection doesn't mean that every heroine has to be straight from everyday [more…]

Discovering What Freemasonry Is
Freemasons don't always do such a good job of defining just what they are or what they do, but that's often because the answers non-Masons are looking for are really too complicated. [more…]

Discovering What Philosopher Immanuel Kant Can Do
Immanuel Kant is probably the most famous of many famously verbose and complex German philosophers. As a young man and a student, he lived a life of poverty and deprivation. He often went hungry, but preserved [more…]

Discovering What Physics Is All About
You can observe plenty going on around you all the time in the middle of your complex world. Leaves are waving, the sun is shining, the stars are twinkling, light bulbs are glowing, cars are moving, computer [more…]

Discussing Your Job in Italian
Business contacts with people in other countries continues to increase in importance. Because modern technology supports the quick exchange of information over vast distances, you may have to talk to foreign [more…]

Diseases Decimate Native American Populations
From the 16th century through the early 20th century, no fewer than 93 confirmed epidemics and pandemics - all of which can be attributed to European contagions - decimated the American Indian population [more…]

Dissecting NCLEX-RN Questions and Focusing on the Stem
Multiple-choice questions hog most of the space on the NCLEX-RN test because they're objective and efficient and can assess the depth and breadth of your understanding of curriculum content. Therefore, [more…]

Dividing Variables
Dividing variables is fairly straightforward. Each variable is considered separately. The number coefficients are reduced the same as in simple fractions. When dividing variables, you write the problem [more…]

Do’s and Don’ts on the ACT Reading Test
In the Reading Test of the college entrance exam that is the ACT, you don’t have to worry about writing an essay or doing verbal analogies, but you do have to read passages and answer questions about them [more…]

A Down Side of Evolutionary Change: Antibiotic Resistance
In the days before antibiotics were widely available and widely used, people knew the dangers of infection. Even minor injuries like cuts and scrapes were taken far more seriously. Like they say, an ounce [more…]

Dream Interpreting: Recognizing and Working with a Physical Dream
Dreams come in many shapes and sizes, some vague, some detailed, some frightening, some inspiring. They all contain encoded messages aimed at improving your life. As you become ready to start a dream diary [more…]

Dream Interpreting: The Emotions in Your Dreams
If you're interested in recording your dreams in a dream diary - or in interpreting your dreams - some emotion you've experienced is probably the driving force. Every time you express or deny an intense [more…]

Easing the Learning Assessment with Blackboard
The Blackboard online environment offers many ways to incorporate both formative and summative assessment techniques in your courses. Consider the following ideas. [more…]

Eight Basic Algebraic Curves
Algebra is all about graphing relationships, and the curve is one of the most basic shapes used. Here's a look at eight of the most frequently used graphs. [more…]

Einstein Storms the Scientific World
When Einstein began his research as an amateur scientist, there were two major problems: [more…]

El Niño and La Niña: Weather's Sibling Rivalry
Just when you think you've got the seasons in your area all figured out, along comes a winter that is nothing like what you expect. Around the country, around the world, everything seems to be upside down [more…]

Electrochemical Cells: Automobile Batteries
The automobile battery, or lead storage battery, consists of six electrochemical cells connected in series. The anode of each cell is lead, while the cathode is lead dioxide. [more…]

Electrochemical Cells: Flashlight Cells
The common flashlight cell, a dry electrochemical cell, is contained in a zinc housing that acts as the anode (the electrode at which oxidation takes place). The other electrode, the cathode [more…]

Electrochemical Cells: The Daniell Cell
Many of the things we deal with in life are related either directly or indirectly to electrochemical reactions. The Daniell cell is an electrochemical cell named after John Frederic Daniell, the British [more…]

Electronegativity and Polar Covalent Bonding
Electronegativity is the strength an atom has to attract a bonding pair of electrons to itself. When a chlorine atom covalently bonds to another chlorine atom, the shared electron pair is shared equally [more…]

Elements of a Great Law School Application
The application process for law school can be nerve-wracking. You have to present yourself in your law school application in a positive, engaging fashion without straining the admission committee’s credulity [more…]

Elements of a Successful Nonfiction Book Proposal
To get your nonfiction book published, put together a strong proposal. Use the proposal to "sell" your book to potential literary agents, editors, and publishers. Make sure your proposal is as polished [more…]

Endosymbiotic Theory
Taxonomy and phylogeny (the ways in which living things are connected, categorized, and named) ultimately boil down to questions of origins: who begat whom, and who originally begat the begetters, and [more…]

English Grammar Basics: Parts of a Sentence
After you get a good grip on the different parts of speech, it’s time to put them all together to form the proper sentence. The right words and punctuation in the right order can make all the difference [more…]

English Grammar For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Whether you’re engaging in everyday speech or writing the perfect paper, you need to be familiar with the various parts of English grammar. Knowing how to correctly use nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns [more…]

English Grammar Tips for Subject-Verb Agreement
Someone or something must be present in a sentence, and that someone or something doing the action or being talked about is the subject. Verbs are the words that express the action the subject is doing [more…]

Enjoying French Meals
What better way to enjoy what you are going to eat than to start with an empty stomach. Then you can say, "J'ai faim"(zheh fan) (I'm hungry) or "J'ai soif [more…]

Enter a War Hero: President Ulysses Simpson Grant
Ulysses Grant's two terms as president are usually considered the most corrupt of any of the presidencies in U.S. history. Why did an honest man suffer such horrible terms in office? For one reason, Grant [more…]

Escalating the Vietnam War: The Tet Offensives of 1968
The Tet holiday is revered in Vietnamese society as a series of days to visit with and enjoy family and friends. It has also been a time of great victories over previous foreign invaders in Vietnam. Almost [more…]

Essential Expressions in British Sign Language
Every language has essential, everyday phrases and expressions you just can’t do without, and British Sign Language is no exception. Here we show you a few of these must-have signs. [more…]

The Essentials of Arabic Words and Phrases for Traveling
Before you travel to an Arabic-speaking country, review essential Arabic words and phrases - including vocabulary for shopping, dining, asking directions, and meeting new people. [more…]

The Essentials of Chemistry Basics
Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with matter, which is anything that has mass and occupies space. You’ll need to get up to speed with some chemistry basics before you explore more complex [more…]

The Essentials of Chinese Words and Phrases for Traveling
Before you travel to a Chinese-speaking country, review essential Chinese words and phrases - including vocabulary for shopping, dining, directions, and meeting new people. [more…]

The Essentials of Dealing with Emergencies in Spanish-Speaking Countries
Having an emergency when you're in a foreign country can be frightening. Know the essentials of dealing with emergencies in Spanish-speaking countries before you go so that you don't have to worry about [more…]

The Essentials of Driving and Getting Around by Car in Spanish-Speaking Countries
Driving in a foreign country is less fun when you're lost. Review the essentials of driving and getting around by car in a Spanish-speaking country to equip yourself with the phrases and vocabulary you'll [more…]

The Essentials of French Words and Phrases for Traveling
Before you travel to a French-speaking country, review essential French words and phrases - including vocabulary for shopping, dining, directions, and meeting new people. [more…]

The Essentials of German Words and Phrases for Traveling
Before you travel to a German-speaking country, review essential German words and phrases - including vocabulary for shopping, dining, directions, and meeting new people. [more…]

The Essentials of Going Out on the Town in Spanish-Speaking Countries
Before you go out on the town in a Spanish-speaking country, review the essential Spanish you'll need to know before you hit the road, including vocabulary for shopping, asking directions, and going out [more…]

The Essentials of Italian Words and Phrases for Traveling
Before you travel to an Italian-speaking country, review essential Italian words and phrases - including vocabulary for shopping, dining, asking directions, and meeting new people. [more…]

The Essentials of Japanese Words and Phrases for Traveling
Before you travel to a Japanese-speaking area, review essential Japanese words and phrases - including vocabulary for shopping, dining, asking directions, and meeting new people. [more…]

The Essentials of Russian Words and Phrases for Traveling
Before you travel to a Russian-speaking country, review essential Russian words and phrases - including vocabulary for shopping, dining, asking directions, and meeting new people. [more…]

The Essentials of Shopping in Spanish-Speaking Countries
There's nothing quite like an exotic foreign marketplace. Review the essentials of shopping in Spanish-speaking countries so that you'll know how markets work and what to expect. You'll also learn all [more…]

The Essentials of Traveling by Train in Spanish-Speaking Countries
Traveling in a foreign country can be a great adventure. Take the time to review the essentials of traveling by train in Spanish-speaking countries. You'll learn the ins and outs of getting around by train [more…]

Establishing a Fictional Character’s History
To better understand a character’s history, or backstory, many fiction writers create entire histories for their characters. When developing a character for a story, determining the character’s personal [more…]

Evaluating a Program for Studying Abroad
After you've selected a variety of potential study abroad programs, you need to take a careful look at each program. Maybe you're wondering why you placed a particular program on your list of possibilities [more…]

Evaluating U.S. Presidents
U.S. presidents are evaluated in many ways. The major characteristics that academic and public polls use to evaluate the 44 U.S. presidents vary from survey to survey, but the main standards remain consistent [more…]

Everyday Math For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Everyday math comes in handy when you’re dealing with finances like credit cards and mortgages, and even helps when you’re trying to figure out how much to leave for a tip. Knowing some basic math formulas [more…]

Evolutionary Differences: Macroevolution versus Microevolution
An ongoing debate in evolution is whether there is a distinction between macroevolution and microevolution, and if so, how to define that difference. Since the advent of molecular biology, with its insight [more…]

Evolutionary Ideas: Species and Speciation
In evolution, speciation is simply the process whereby a single lineage (species) splits into two lineages. In other words, new species arise from existing species. But what constitutes a species, and [more…]

Examining Carbohydrates: Energy-Packed Compounds
Carbohydrates, as the name implies, consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (hydrate = water, hydrogen and oxygen). Carbohydrates are energy-packed compounds. They are broken down by organisms quickly, [more…]

Examining Frodo as the Unwitting Hero of Tolkien's Middle-earth
Frodo Baggins, the main character of The Lord of the Rings, becomes its unwitting hero when he's adopted by Bilbo Baggins (his cousin, but known affectionately as [more…]

Examining Nuclear Power Plants
Nuclear power plants rely on the chain reaction of fission to create nuclear power. The real trick, however, is to control the chain reaction, releasing its energy slowly so that ends other than destruction [more…]

Examining Presidential Influence on the U.S. Presidency
Just as the president is a living, breathing person, the presidency is a living, breathing institution. The men who have so far filled the office have put their own unique stamp on the office, for better [more…]

Examining Rap's Origins
The rap music of today is an outgrowth of the mid-1970s hip-hop, a brash mixture of rhythm and boastful talking. Out of nowhere, the Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight, [more…]

Examining Some Genetic Diseases
Genetic diseases are the result of an abnormal pattern in the DNA of an individual. These diseases are inherited, though some individuals are only carriers and not sufferers. Recently, quite a bit of research [more…]

Examining Some Key Thinkers of the Enlightenment
Historians often date modern history from the 18th century, not just because this period saw the American and French Revolutions, but because at this time a fundamental change took place in the way people [more…]

Examining the Battle of Good vs. Evil in Tolkien's Middle-earth
Tolkien was clear in the stories of The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings that the struggle between good and evil is never-ending. No sooner did the Valar vanquish Melkor than Sauron emerged in Middle-earth [more…]

Examining the Beginnings of World War II
Officially, World War II began when Nazi Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 and the French and English declared war against Germany as a result of that invasion. But the war's beginnings came long [more…]

Examining the Leaders of North and South Vietnam
You can get a better understanding of the Vietnam War by taking a look at the leaders of North Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh) and South Vietnam (Ngo Dinh Diem). Getting to know more about the two leaders in Vietnam [more…]

Examining the Life of Malcolm X
Although best known for slogans such as "By Any Means Necessary" as well as posters depicting him with a gun, Malcolm X was a very complex man. An ex-convict, Malcolm X's strength, charisma, and intelligence [more…]

Examining the Physical Properties of Water
The medium in which biological systems operate is water, and physical properties of water influence the biological systems. Therefore, it is important to understand some properties of water that you learned [more…]

Examining the Presidency of John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy was the first president born in the 20th century. He was also the youngest president, at 43 years of age, to be elected to office. (Theodore Roosevelt assumed the office at age 42, after [more…]

Examining the (Re)Birth of the Renaissance
A 19th-century Swiss historian named Jacob Burckhardt coined the term Renaissance (rebirth) for the big changes in thinking and the arts that took place in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. The rebirth [more…]

Examining the Roots of Skepticism: Pyrrho and Sextus
The words skeptic and skepticism come from an ancient Greek verb that meant "to inquire." Etymologically, then, a skeptic is an inquirer. This should form important background for an understanding of skeptical [more…]

Examining the World of the Technical Writer
People who write technical documents come from all walks of life - and most aren't technical writers per se. Here are some actual situations of people who were called upon to write technical documents [more…]

Exchanging Your Dollars for the Local Currency
Each country has its own currency, so when you travel in Spanish-speaking countries, you need to use the local currency to make your transactions. Don’t use your dollars to buy Spanish goods or services [more…]

Explaining Medical Symptoms in Spanish
Accidents and ailments happen everywhere, even on a vacation to a Spanish-speaking country. If you can't explain your medical symptoms to a Spanish doctor, your minor ailment can become a major emergency [more…]

Explore Current Stem Cell Treatments
Scientists have been working with human adult stem cells - the stem cells found in specific tissues - for more than 40 years, compared to only a dozen years for human embryonic stem cells. As a result, [more…]

Exploring Genetics Research
People have been wondering why they look like their parents for centuries. Observations of nature over the past few millenia have led people to ask "Why? [more…]

Exploring How the Civil War Began
Wars have many causes. No one should ever forget that wars are fought for political reasons and objectives. Essentially, people or nations go to war to protect a vital interest, defend territory from an [more…]

Exploring the Ancient Pyramids
From the ancient civilizations of the Near East to the native peoples of Central America, pyramid building has been a common architectural design for thousands of years. [more…]

Exploring the Different Types of Fiction
Fiction is a general term used to describe an imaginative work of prose, either a novel, short story, or novella. Recently, this definition has been modified to include both nonfiction works that contain [more…]

Exploring the Diverse Lands of Middle-earth
You may well wonder why it's important at all to locate Middle-earth in J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings. Does it really matter whether Middle-earth is a future world in another galaxy or a Europe long [more…]

Exposing the Feminine Mystique
Although the beginning of the'60s showcased women in frilly white aprons, spatula in hand and crying child on hip, females hadn't been in such a role forever. During World War II [more…]

Expressing Desire and Suggestion with the Spanish Subjunctive Mood
Making suggestions and indicating desire are two important functions of the Spanish subjunctive mood. Everyone gives advice or asks for what they want; one of the coolest features of the subjunctive mood [more…]

Expressing Desire, Obligation, and Age with the Spanish Verb Tener
Tener is an extremely versatile Spanish verb. It works by itself the way other verbs do, but it also forms special verb structures to express age or a desire or obligation to take action. In short, you [more…]

Expressing Gratitude and Regret in Japanese
Phrases of gratitude and apology are the most important and essential phrases in any language. Suppose a stranger holds a door open for you when you're entering a building. What do you say? Suppose you [more…]

Expressing Near and Far in Spanish
Two Spanish words can help you express distance: cerca(sehr-kah; meaning near or close) and lejos (leh-Hohs;meaning far). When traveling in a Spanish-speaking country, be sure to use these two words when [more…]

Expressing Spatial Directions in Spanish
Certain Spanish words allow you to describe where people or things are in relation to other people and things. Expressing these spatial directions in Spanish - and thus creating more accurate and engaging [more…]

Expressing Uncertainty in Spanish with the Imperfect Subjunctive
You always use the Spanish imperfect subjunctive verb tense to express uncertainty about a past action, but several other key words and circumstances can also clue you in to the need for the imperfect [more…]

Expressing Your Love for Espresso in Italian
You may have to order an espresso at your favorite coffee emporium in the United States to get the rich, dark brew you crave, but in Italy, you get the same drink by asking for [more…]

Eyeballing Evolution and Vision
Eyes are beautifully complex structures, and their evolution was a source of some mystery to Charles Darwin. The idea that the eye could not have arisen from the process of natural selection is a common [more…]

Facing Racism and Sexism: Black Women in America
From the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, black women were in a difficult position. Between the civil rights and feminist movements, where did they fit in? They had been the backbone of the civil rights movement [more…]

Facing the Challenges of the Deaf Community
Through the years, Deaf people have had to face numerous challenges. In the past, they had little access to education, and almost no opportunity for gainful employment. Although things have improved over [more…]

Factoring Binomials
If a binomial expression can be factored at all, it must be factored in one of four ways. To decide which way you will use, you first look at the addition or subtraction sign that always separates the [more…]

Factoring Four or More Terms by Grouping
When four or more terms come together to form an expression, you always look for a greatest common factor first. If you can’t find a factor common to all the terms at the same time, your other option is [more…]

Famous Freemasons
An overwhelming number of the world’s best and brightest have been or are Freemasons. These groups give you far from a comprehensive list - they're just a sampling: [more…]

FBI Crime Statistics
Without crime, you’d have no scope for your interest in forensics, although, being an upstanding citizen, you’d trade your forensics skills for a crime-free country in a heartbeat, right? Given human nature [more…]

A Few Habits of Successful Online Students
Some of the most successful students are those who learn self-discipline in respect to their study habits. The lack of pressure that comes with meeting face-to-face is absent in the online environment. [more…]

A Few Jane Austen-Related Places to Visit
England has numerous sites where you can explore the life and work of Jane Austen. The following are just the tip of the iceberg. When you get to your hotel or bed and breakfast in London, find one of [more…]

Fighting Slavery with the Pen
At the beginning of the 19th century, many black abolitionists favored moderate and strategic action over violence to end slavery. Since white Americans outnumbered black Americans, violence just wasn't [more…]

Figuring Out Cardiac Anatomy: Your Heart
The circulatory system - or cardiovascular system— consists of the heart and the blood vessels. The heart, the main organ of the circulatory system, causes blood to flow. The heart's pumping action squeezes [more…]

Figuring Out How Roman Mythology Got So Darned Mixed Up
Roman religion and, therefore, Roman mythology, was a long, drawn-out process of bringing together the gods, stories, and rituals of various cultures and making them Roman. People who study religion or [more…]

Figuring Out What Freemasons Believe In
There is no international administrative or controlling authority over Freemasonry. There's no office anyone can call to get the official, worldwide policy position of Freemasons, because there is no such [more…]

Figuring Out What Probability Means
Probabilities come in many different disguises. Some of the terms people use for probability are chance, likelihood, odds, percentage, and proportion. But the basic definition of [more…]

Filling Out Hotel Registration Forms in Spanish
When registering at a Spanish hotel, you may be asked to fill out a registration form. Following are some Spanish terms for information you’re likely to be asked for when you check in: [more…]

Finding a Voice during the Harlem Renaissance
No period of African American literary history receives as much attention as the Harlem Renaissance, which ranged roughly from the beginning of World War I to the Great Depression. For the first time, [more…]

Finding College Tuition Discounts: Cha-Ching!
Confusion in terminology comes when discussing the forms of financial aid known as tuition discounts and waivers.Some people consider these to be strictly the financial aid offered based on eligibility [more…]

Finding Extrasolar Planets
Astronomers have believed for decades that planets are plentiful, simply because the birth of a star is inevitably accompanied by leftover material - a messy residue of gas and dust that can turn into [more…]

Finding Hidden Pronouns in Spanish Sentences
Pronouns are pretty easy to find in English sentences, but Spanish pronouns often seem hidden from view. Fortunately, finding this elusive part of speech in Spanish is actually pretty easy if you know [more…]

Finding Ideas for Your Writing
So you know you want to write a book - you just don't know what you want to write about. For many people, it's not uncommon to think that you need to write about something exotic or different or strange [more…]

Finding the Answers in Spanish Word Search Puzzles
Word search puzzles commonly come in two flavors: the seek-and-find variety that includes a list of words you need to find, and the secret list variety, which describes a group of words and leaves figuring [more…]

Finding the Best Science Fair Project for You
Science fair projects can range from the simplest experiment to a complex project that involves experimentation, observation, and advanced mathematical calculations. [more…]

Finding the Sum and Difference of the Same Two Terms
When distributing binomials over other terms, knowing how to find the sum and difference of the same two terms is a handy shortcut. The sum of any two terms multiplied by the difference of the same two [more…]

Five Frequently Mixed-Up French Verbs
French has many ways a nonnative speaker can mix up verbs or use them incorrectly. The mix-ups are a result of these three problems: [more…]

The Five Sense Organs in Human Beings
The sense organs - eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose - help to protect the body. The human sense organs contain receptors that relay information through sensory neurons to the appropriate places within [more…]

The Fluid-Mosaic Model of the Cell Plasma Membrane
The fluid-mosaic model describes the plasma membrane of animal cells. The plasma membrane that surrounds these cells has two layers (a bilayer) of phospholipids [more…]

Forensic Duties of a Medical Examiner
In the case of murder, the medical examiner (ME) may be the person who puts forensics to its purest use. An ME uses science to determine the cause, mechanism, and manner of death to help the investigation [more…]

Forensics: Assessing the Scene of the Crime
From the moment the first police officer arrives at the crime scene, he follows a strict set of procedural guidelines designed to protect him and everyone else who's present; guard evidence against damage [more…]

Forensics: Defining Death
Picture yourself being buried alive. People living prior to the 19th century had good reason to worry about such matters, because stethoscopes hadn't been invented, and determinations of death were more [more…]

Forensics: Fingering Criminals Using DNA
Solving crime means finding out whodunit, so forensic scientists have long searched for ways of absolutely identifying individuals from materials left at a crime scene. [more…]

Forensics For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Using science to help solve crime is what forensics is all about. Science and safety rule everything from how a law enforcement officer approaches a crime scene to what to put into a forensic toolbox. [more…]

Forensics: Profiling the Perpetrator
If you don't know what you're looking for, finding it is nearly impossible. Profiling, or looking at evidence and making a best guess as to the type of individual who would commit the crime in question [more…]

Formally Introducing Yourself in Spanish
Whether you’re speaking in Spanish, English, or Esperanto, introducing yourself formally means that you don’t talk in a chummy, informal way to a person with whom you have no relationship. Instead, especially [more…]

Forming a Thesis Statement
You've got a subject ("human-bear interactions") and a topic ("the relationship between Goldilocks and the three bears"). Now it's time to come up with a thesis statement - the point that you want to make [more…]

Forming Sentences in Japanese
Welcome to Japanese! To practice the language, work with your family, your close friends, or even your pets until you get the chance to talk with a Japanese person. The more you apply a language in your [more…]

Forming Sentences in Spanish with Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns can make your Spanish flow more naturally in both writing and conversation. So how exactly can you go about forming sentences with demonstrative pronouns? First, you need to understand [more…]

Forming Spanish “Yes” and “No” Questions by Using Intonation, Tags, and Inversion
You can easily form Spanish questions by changing your voice intonation, adding a tag phrase to a sentence, or inverting the order of the subject and verb. Here’s how. [more…]

Forming Spanish Questions from Declarative Sentences
So you want to ask a Spanish question but aren’t sure how to form it? Just turn your declarative Spanish sentence into a question with these easy steps and ask away. [more…]

Forming Spanish Questions with “¿Qué?” and “¿Cuánto?”
Spanish question words like ¿cuánto? and ¿qué? help you ask questions when you need to know how many or which of something to use. The following sections give you a crash course in using these helpful [more…]

Forming the Future Tense in Spanish
Some people get anxious about the future because it’s unknown and uncertain. When you’re studying Spanish verbs, however, you may get anxious because you don’t know how to form the future tense or use [more…]

Forming the Imperative Mood’s “Let’s” Command in Spanish
The let’s command is a less assertive form of the imperative mood in Spanish. You use the nosotros form in Spanish to suggest an activity to your friends or to a group of people [more…]

Forming the Spanish Imperfect Subjunctive
Every Spanish tense and mood has its own quirky procedure you must follow to conjugate the verb. In the case of the imperfect subjunctive, here’s what you do: [more…]

Forming the Subjunctive of Regular and Irregular Spanish Verbs
Forming the subjunctive mood of Spanish verbs is pretty easy, despite the subjunctive’s bad reputation among many Spanish students. The following sections show you how to turn regular and irregular present-tense [more…]

Forming the Subjunctive of Spelling- and Stem-Changing Spanish Verbs
Forming the subjunctive mood of Spanish verbs is pretty easy, despite the subjunctive’s bad reputation among many Spanish students. The following sections show you how to turn stem- and spelling-changing [more…]

Formulas You Need to Know for Calculus
When 'studying calculus, you should have a good understanding of the following tables of formulas so you can efficiently and correctly solve calculus problems: [more…]

Four Groups of Macromolecules
Macromolecules are just that - large molecules. The four groups of macromolecules, shown in the table below, are essential to the structure and function of a cell. [more…]

The Four Ways to Talk to SPSS
More than one way exists for you to command the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to do your bidding. And you don't have to choose one and stick with it - you can perform tasks using whichever [more…]

Freemason Blue Lodge Degrees
The local Blue Lodge is the place where you and your Freemason neighbors begin your Masonic careers. A Blue Lodge is a lodge of Freemasons that confers the first three degrees: [more…]

Freemason Lodge Officers
Officers are elected by the members of the lodge, although a few are appointed by the Worshipful Master. In most lodges, the officers serve in their positions for one year. The names and duties of the [more…]

Freemason Youth Groups
Beginning just after World War I, interest grew in providing youth groups for the children of Freemasons. In a short period of time, the Freemasons created their own youth programs. [more…]

Freemasons and the Scottish Rite System
The Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite is an appendant body of Freemasonry and is considered entirely optional for Masons to join. The Scottish Rite is technically a concordant body because some of its degrees [more…]

Freemasons and The York Rite System
The York Rite in Freemasonry actually refers to three cooperative groups that confer a total of ten degrees in the United States. There are four Royal Arch degrees, three Cryptic Mason degrees, and three [more…]

Freemasons Aren't Satanists
Masonic meeting is not an act of worship. A lodge is not a church. And Freemasonry is not a religion. Freemasons use prayers to open and close their meetings, but so do Congress and Parliament. [more…]

Freemasons Don't Plan to Take Over the World
Masons are forbidden to discuss politics in the lodge. Finalizing world-takeover plans among Freemason brethren is tough if you have to disguise it as discussion about Saturday’s fish fry or who’s supposed [more…]

Freemasons For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Freemasons are part of an ancient tradition with rituals and symbols all their own. As a Mason, you can earn degrees, join esoteric and social organizations, and become privy to the language and abbreviations [more…]

The French Calendar
Familiarize yourself with the days and months of the French calendar so you can keep tabs on travel plans, meetings, and even French holidays. Use this chart for help with pronunciation: [more…]

French For Dummies Cheat Sheet
You’ll feel more confident when traveling to a French-speaking country if you know some basic questions, expressions, and emergency phrases in French. Learning the French calendar and number system will [more…]

French Numbers
Learning numbers in French will help you with things like transportation, money, and dining. This list of basic numbers in French, and their pronunciation, will help get you started: [more…]

French Phrases for Emergencies
If you find yourself in an emergency situation and need assistance, or someone else does, learn these French phrases to get the help you need: [more…]

French Translation: Three Things to Avoid
Everyone makes mistakes, but you can avoid many, if not most, of them by paying extra attention to typical problem areas. Following are three things you should avoid doing if you want to write French like [more…]

French Travel-Related Words and Phrases
Traveling in French-speaking countries can be confusing if you can't read the signs or understand the instructions you're given. Learn some useful travel-related words and phrases in French before you [more…]

French Verbs: Watching Your Mood
Verbs are divided into various moods. Linguistically, the mood of a verb is a way of expressing oneself, or a way of speaking. A mood shows the speaker's attitude toward an event. The French language has [more…]

French Vocabulary for Shopping
Develop a French shopping vocabulary to gain a new cultural experience when traveling. Whether you're shopping for clothes, food, or souvenirs, you can use the following phrases in any French-speaking [more…]

Gaining Permanent Resident Status (or a Green Card) in the United States
Most people gain lawful permanent residence in the United States through a family connection or through employment. In the following sections, these categories are explored in more detail, as well as other [more…]

GED Sample: Language Arts
Refer to the following excerpt, then try your hand at the practice questions that follow. [more…]

GED Sample: Science
First read the passage below, then answer the practice questions that follow. [more…]

General Functions of Hormones in Living Creatures
Hormones are specialized substances that coordinate the activities of specific cells in certain areas of the body. Hormones are produced by cells in glands, and they are secreted by the gland into the [more…]

Generalizing Statistical Results to the Entire Population
Making conclusions about a much broader population than your sample actually represents is one of the biggest no-no's in statistics. This kind of problem is called [more…]

Generals McClellan and Bragg: Civil War Washouts
Bad generals are dangerous. When they make poor decisions, people get killed. Every war has its successful and unsuccessful generals, but Confederate General Bragg and Union General McClellan were the [more…]

Genetics: Examining the Basics of Chromosomes
Chromosomes are threadlike strands that are composed of DNA. To pass genetic traits from one generation to the next, the chromosomes must be copied, and then the copies must be divvied up. Most prokaryotes [more…]

Genetics: Understanding Chromosome Disorders
Chromosomal abnormalities, in the form of aneuploidy, are very common among humans. Roughly 8 percent of all conceptions are aneuploid, and it's estimated that up to half of all miscarriages are due to [more…]

Genetics: Welcome to Your Cell!
The study of genetics and the study of how cells work are closely related. The process of passing genetic material from one generation to the next depends completely on how cells grow and divide. To reproduce [more…]

Geographical Expectations for Lewis and Clark
From the beginning of New World exploration, Europe's stubborn belief was that the world simply didn't have room for a continent between Europe and Asia. After they discovered that a continent did lie [more…]

Geography: Making Sense of It All
People are fascinated by the world in which they live. They want to know what it's like and why it is the way it is. Most importantly, they want to understand their place in it. Geography satisfies this [more…]

Geometry For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Successfully understanding and studying geometry involves using strategies for your geometry proofs; knowing important equations; and being able to identify commonly used geometry symbols. [more…]

Geometry Formulas and Rules for Triangles
The three-angled, two-dimensional pyramids known as triangles are one of the building blocks of geometry (however three-cornered they may be). Triangles, of course, have their own formulas for finding [more…]

Geometry Formulas and Theorems for Circles
Geometry isn't all about pointy angles - there are circles, too. What’s interesting about circles isn’t just their roundness: Become familiar with geometry formulas that help you measure angles around [more…]

Geometry Formulas for 3-D Objects
You know those big, 3-D movie blockbusters? They’d be nowhere without geometry . . . geometry and those weird glasses. Knowing the formulas for 3-D objects is key in the real world of geometry, and those [more…]

Geometry Formulas for Polygons
Polygons, those many-sided objects so popular in geometry circles, are subject to their own formulas that help you find the area and angles of various geometrical shapes. Have a look at the most common [more…]

Geometry Symbols
If you’re studying geometry, you’re seeing symbols everywhere - symbols for arcs and angles, lines and triangles as well as symbols for the relationships between lines and angles and so on. Following is [more…]

Geometry Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet
The helpful geometry symbols, formulas, and principles in this cheat sheet ease your learning curve. Working with geometry means never being bored: You get to work with lines, angles, and arcs; triangles [more…]

German Travel-Related Words and Phrases
Traveling in German-speaking countries can be confusing if you can't read the signs or understand the instructions you're given. Learning a few useful travel-related words and phrases in German before [more…]

German Vocabulary for Shopping
Develop a German shopping vocabulary to gain a new cultural experience when traveling. Whether you're shopping for clothes, food, or souvenirs, you can use the following German phrases to help you find [more…]

Getting Around a Spanish City on a Bus
Don’t want to rent a car or pay for a taxi? No problem! You can get around many Spanish cities by taking a bus. In fact, you may prefer riding a bus compared to the more expensive transportation alternatives [more…]

Getting Comfortable with "Jane" (Austen)
For many Austen fans, reading one of her novels is taking an armchair vacation back to England in the early 1800s, known as the Regency. They see this period as a time of tea and etiquette. The Austen [more…]

Getting Help in Italian for Emergencies
If you have an emergency while traveling in Italy, you'll be glad to know these basic phrases. Be prepared for emergencies by committing these Italian phrases to memory: [more…]

Getting Hotel Room Information in Spanish
Before checking in to a Spanish hotel, you’ll want to check it out to make sure it meets your needs and expectations. Seeing the hotel’s rooms before you check in is a particularly good idea if you’re [more…]

Getting into Hot Water: The Physics of Temperature
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Going to a Spanish Theater
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Good, Better, Best: Irregular Comparatives in Spanish
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As adjectives, bueno (good), [more…]

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How Does the Human Digestive System Work?
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How Old Is the Earth: Radioisotope Dating
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How Plants Acquire Their Energy
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How to Ask for and Understand Directions in German
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Exploring Italy can be quite an adventure, but if you want to be sure to see everything on your list, you need to know how to ask for directions in Italian and understand the directions you are given. [more…]

How to Ask for and Understand Directions in Japanese
Exploring Japan can be quite an adventure, but you need to know how to ask for directions in Japanese and how to understand the directions you are given. After all, if you don't know how to understand [more…]

How to Ask for and Understand Directions in Russian
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How to Ask For Help in Arabic
Know how to ask for help in Arabic before you have an actual emergency. By learning a few simple Arabic words and phrases for emergencies, you can save valuable time in a crisis. [more…]

How to Ask for Help in Chinese
Know how to ask for help in Chinese before you have an actual emergency. Save valuable time in a crisis by learning simple Chinese words and phrases to cover emergencies with illness or theft. [more…]

How to Ask For Help in French
Know how to ask for help in French before you have an actual emergency. Save valuable time in a crisis by knowing simple French words and phrases to cover emergencies with illness or theft. [more…]

How to Ask For Help in German
Know how to ask for help in German before you have an actual emergency. By learning a few simple German words and phrases for emergencies, you can save valuable time in a crisis. The simplest way to ask [more…]

How to Ask For Help in Italian
Know how to ask for help in Italian before you have an actual emergency. By learning a few simple Italian words and phrases for emergencies, you can save valuable time in a crisis. [more…]

How to Ask For Help in Japanese
Know how to ask for help in Japanese before you have an actual emergency. Save valuable time in a crisis by knowing simple Japanese words and phrases to cover emergencies with illness or theft. [more…]

How to Ask for Medical Help in Russian
When traveling, most emergencies are medical - whether you're in a Russian-speaking country or not. Know how to ask for medical help in Russian before you have an actual emergency. [more…]

How to Ask Questions in Arabic
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How to Ask Questions in Chinese
How do you ask basic questions in Chinese? Well, Chinese interrogative words mean the same as they do for English: who, what, when, where, why, and how. By knowing basic Chinese interrogatives, you'll [more…]

How to Ask Questions in French
How do you ask basic questions in French? Well, French interrogative words mean the same as they do for English: who, what, when, where, why, and how. By knowing basic French interrogatives, you'll be [more…]

How to Ask Questions in German
How do you ask basic questions in German? Well, German interrogative words mean the same as they do for English: who, what, when, where, why, and how. By knowing basic German interrogatives, you'll be [more…]

How to Ask Questions in Italian
How do you ask basic questions in Italian? Well, Italian interrogative words mean the same as they do for English: who, what, when, where, why, and how. By knowing basic Italian interrogatives, you'll [more…]

How to Ask Questions in Japanese
As you travel in Japan and speak Japanese to everyone you meet, you need to ask questions. The standard who, what, when, where and why are in the following list along with a few other useful questions [more…]

How to Ask Questions in Russian
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How to Balance Chemical Reactions in Equations
When you write an equation for a chemical reaction, the two sides of the equation should balance - you need the same number of each kind of element on both sides. If you carry out a chemical reaction and [more…]

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One of the most practical uses of differentiation is finding the maximum value of a real-world function. In this example, you calculate the maximum volume of a box that has no top and that is to be manufactured [more…]

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How to Calculate the Related Rate of a Trough Being Filled
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How to Calculate the Related Rate of Two Cars in Motion
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Checking your answers when doing algebra problems is always a good idea - after all, if there's a way to ensure that you have the correct answer, it's worth the time, isn't it? You check your answers in [more…]

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Regular verbs in Portuguese end in -ar, -er, and -ir. For the present tense of the verb, just take off the ending and add -o, -a, -amos or -am. The following list shows the conjugation for the [more…]

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Geometry allows you to find the slope (rise over run) of any straight line. Curves, too, have a slope, but you have to use calculus to figure it out. This video shows you the connections between slope, [more…]

How to Convert Decimals to Fractions
Converting decimals into fractions isn't hard. To convert a decimal into a fraction, you put the numbers to the right of the decimal point in the numerator [more…]

How to Convert Square Roots to Exponents
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Using Arabic for numbers and counting can be a bit tricky if you need to work extensively with numbers, such as in mathematics and accounting. Arabic number can be confusing because the rules change depending [more…]

How to Count in Chinese
Learning numbers and counting in Chinese is simplified because the Chinese number system is extremely regular. The entire number system is based on counting the number of tens and then adding the ones. [more…]

How to Count in French
When it comes to numbers and counting, the French follow most of the same patterns that the English do (at least from 0 to 20). After that there are a few differences, but don’t worry learning numbers [more…]

How to Count in German
When it comes to numbers and counting in German, you follow most of the same patterns as in English. Counting in German is relatively simple because of these similarities in structure, so it's really just [more…]

How to Count in Italian
Learning numbers and counting in Italian isn't complicated. In fact, the Italians follow many of the same patterns that we do in English. There are a few differences, but it's when it comes to numbers [more…]

How to Count in Japanese
Learning numbers and counting in Japanese is simplified because the Japanese number system is quite logical. The entire number system is based on counting the number of tens and then adding the ones. For [more…]

How to Count in Russian
Using Russian for numbers and counting can be tricky if you need to work extensively with numbers, such as in mathematics and accounting. Each Russian number has six forms depending on how it's used! The [more…]

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How to Decipher Freemasonry's Major Symbolism
The Freemasons have established a wealth of symbols that represent their beliefs and practices. Some of the more generally recognized Masonic symbols have interesting explanations. [more…]

How to Decipher Less-Well-Known Freemasonry Symbols
The Freemasons use all kinds of symbols to represent the practices and beliefs of their order. Many of these Masonic symbols originate from the masonry trade and the Christian Bible. [more…]

How to Decipher the Formulas of Ionic Compounds
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How to Decipher the Meaning of Molecules, Compounds, and Bonds
To understand biology, you must understand how atoms can join together to form compounds or molecules. Both molecules and compounds are held together by bonds. [more…]

How to Depict Electrons in Electron Configuration Notation
Chemists use electron configuration notation to depict electrons in chemical reactions and bonding. Electron configuration notation is easier to use than the quantum mechanical model. [more…]

How to Determine Absolute Value
In algebra, the absolute value operation tells you how far a number is from zero. It doesn’t pay any attention to whether the number is less than or greater than zero, and so absolute values are always [more…]

How to Determine What Variables Represent
Algebra uses letters, called variables,to represent numbers that correspond to specific values. Algebraic variables can represent the unknown and what you’re solving for in an algebra problem, as well [more…]

How to Determine Which Data Analysis to Use in Statistics II
Statistics II is often about data analysis, and the trick is to know when to use which analysis method. The following table helps you compare, contrast, and decide what data analysis to use and when. Use [more…]

How to Differentiate Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Differentiating exponential and logarithmic functions involves special rules. You can easily differentiate both types of functions after you memorize these rules: [more…]

How to Differentiate Implicitly
Calculus problems can be written in a way that requires either implicit or explicit differentiation. Differentiation problems where y is written explicitly as a function of [more…]

How to Differentiate Inverse Functions
There’s a difficult-looking formula involving the derivatives of inverse functions, but before you get to it, look at the following figure, which nicely sums up the whole idea. [more…]

How to Differentiate Trigonometry Functions
You need to memorize the derivatives of the six trig functions if you want to differentiate them. Here are the derivatives of the trig functions: [more…]

How to Distinguish Electrolytes from Nonelectrolytes
Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity in the molten state or when dissolved in water. Nonelectrolytes are substances that don’t conduct electricity when in these states. [more…]

How to Distinguish Elements, Atoms, and Isotopes
For a better understanding of biology, you should understand some core chemistry terms, such as elements, atoms, and isotopes. All matter is composed of [more…]

How to Distinguish Pure Substances and Mixtures
Chemists can classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas. But there are other ways to classify matter, as well - such as pure substances and mixtures. Classification is one of the basic processes in science [more…]

How to Distribute a Polynomial
Distributing a polynomial isn't hard. When distributing a polynomial over any number of other terms, you distribute each term in the first factor over all of the terms in the second factor. When the distribution [more…]

How to Distribute Binomials
When you distribute in algebra, you multiply each of the terms within the parentheses by another term that is outside the parentheses. So, when you distribute a binomial over several terms, you just apply [more…]

How to Distribute Negative Signs with Variables
When you use negative signs and multiple variables in algebraic equations, the problems can look scary. Don’t worry, though. All you need to do is distribute the negative sign through, changing the signs [more…]

How to Distribute Positive and Negative Numbers
When performing distribution, be aware of the sign being distributed and how that sign affects each term. Distributing a positive sign makes no difference in the signs of the terms - the signs stay the [more…]

How to Distribute Trinomials
A trinomial, a polynomial with three terms, can be distributed over another expression. Each term in the first factor is distributed separately over the second factor, and then the entire expression is [more…]

How to Distribute Variables
Distributing variables over the terms in an algebraic expression involves multiplication rules and the rules for exponents. When different variables are multiplied together, you can write them side by [more…]

How to Distribute with Fractional Powers or Radicals
Distribution problems with fractional powers or radicals aren't as intimidating as they look. When distributing with fractional powers or radicals, remember that exponents that are fractions work the same [more…]

How to Divide Exponents
You can divide exponential expressions, leaving the answers as exponential expressions, as long as the bases are the same. To divide exponents (or powers) with the same base, subtract the exponents. Division [more…]

How to Divide with the Power of Zero
[more…]
How to Factor a Quadratic Expression
You can factor a quadratic expression to make it easier to work with. Some quadratic expressions can be made better by finding a greatest common factor [more…]

How to Factor a Trinomial by UnFOILing
UnFOILing is a method for factoring a trinomial into two binomials. When you multiply two binomials together, you use the FOIL method, multiplying the [more…]

How to Factor Expressions More Than Once
Sometimes you factor expressions more than once - and with different factoring techniques. To determine if an expression needs to be factored more than once, just take another look at the expression after [more…]

How to Factor Out Numbers
Factoring is the opposite of distributing. When distributing, you multiply a series of terms by a common factor. When factoring, you seek to find what a series of terms have in common and then take it [more…]

How to Factor Out Variables
You can factor out variables from the terms in an expression. You factor out variables the same way as you do numbers except that when you factor out powers of a variable, the [more…]

How to Factor the Difference of Two Perfect Cubes
To factor the difference of two perfect cubes, remember this rule: the difference of two perfect cubes equals the difference of their cube roots multiplied by the sum of their squares and the product of [more…]

How to Factor the Difference of Two Perfect Squares
If two terms in a binomial are perfect squares separated by subtraction, then you can factor them. To factor the difference of two perfect squares, remember this rule: if subtraction separates two squared [more…]

How to Factor the Sum of Two Perfect Cubes
The rule for factoring the sum of two perfect cubes is almost the same as the rule for factoring the difference between perfect cubes. You just have to change two little signs to make it work. The sum [more…]

How to Figure Out Biology Prefixes and Suffixes
The prefixes and suffixes used in biology lingo can help you figure out many biology terms. These prefixes and suffixes also can help you understand what the people in biology subspecialties do. [more…]

How to Figure Out the Narrative of a Poem
Many poets are also storytellers, and as storytellers, they, too, use all the elements of narration. When reading narrative poems consider the narrative elements: [more…]

How to Figure Out the Structures of Animal Cells
You have organs and are made up of cells. Your organ systems perform certain functions in you, the entire organism. Cells have organelles that perform certain functions in the cell. Although it takes millions [more…]

How to Find a Function's Derivative by Using the Chain Rule
The chain rule is by far the trickiest derivative rule, but it’s not really that bad if you carefully focus on a few important points. [more…]

How to Find a Function's Derivative by Using the Product and Quotient Rules
There are special rules for finding a derivative in a function when it includes multiplication or division. If you memorize the product and quotient rules, you can derive these sorts of functions: [more…]

How to Find Absolute Extrema on a Closed Interval
Every function that’s continuous on a closed interval has a maximum value and a minimum value (the extrema) in that interval - in other words, a highest and lowest point - though there can be a tie for [more…]

How to Find Absolute Extrema over a Function's Entire Domain
A function’s absolute max and absolute minover its entire domain are the single highest and single lowest values of the function anywhere it’s defined. A function can have an absolute max or min or both [more…]

How to Find Approximate Area Using Sigma Notation
This video tutorial shows you how to express the area under a curve with Sigma notation (or summation notation). You can use Sigma notation as a simpler way to write the sums of a long series of numbers [more…]
How to Find Cool Masonic Places
Maybe you’re looking for a great Freemason-related locale while you travel. Or you’re a non-Mason who can’t go to a lodge meeting, but you still want to peer inside those mysterious buildings: [more…]

How to Find High-Order Derivatives
Finding a second, third, fourth, or higher derivative is incredibly simple. The second derivative of a function is just the derivative of its first derivative. The third derivative is the derivative of [more…]

How to Find Local Extrema with the First Derivative Test
All local maximums and minimums on a function's graph - called local extrema of the function - occur at critical points (where the derivative is zero or undefined) of the function. [more…]

How to Find the Area between Two Curves
Calculus formulas allow you to find the area between two curves, and this video tutorial shows you how. Simply put, you find the area of a representative section and then use integration find the total [more…]

How to Find the Derivative of a Curve
Calculus is the mathematics of change - so you need to know how to find the derivatives of parabolas, which are curves with changing slopes. This figure shows the graph of the parabola: [more…]

How to Find the Derivative of a Line
Differentiation is the process of finding the derivative of a function like [more…]

How to Find the Difference of Two Cubes
An expression that results in the difference between two cubes is usually pretty hard to spot. The difference of two cubes is equal to the difference of their cube roots times a trinomial, which contains [more…]

How to Find the Greatest Common Factor
The greatest common factor (GCF) is the largest possible number that evenly divides into each term of an expression containing two or more terms. Finding the GCF is the most common and easiest factoring [more…]

How to Find the Right Editor for Your Book
One of the most important tasks in getting your book published is to find an editor who's going to get behind your book and help it - and you - make your way in the publishing world. To find an editor [more…]

How to Find the Sum of Two Cubes
Spotting a distribution that results in the sum of two cubes is a shortcut to solving distribution problems. To recognize what distribution results in the sum of two cubes, look to see if the distribution [more…]

How to Find the Surface Area of a Surface Revolution
The surface area of a surface of revolution applies to many three-dimensional, radially symmetrical shapes. Formulas in this calculus video tutorial reveal how to estimate, measure, and solve for the surface [more…]
How to Find the Tangent Lines of a Parabola that Pass through a Certain Point
Ever want to determine the location of a line through a given point that’s tangent to a given curve? Of course you have! Here’s how you can solve the tangent line problem. [more…]

How to Find the Tangent Lines of a Parabola that Pass through a Certain Point
Ever want to determine the location of a line through a given point that’s tangent to a given curve? Of course you have! Here’s how you do it.
Determine the points of tangency of the lines through the point [more…]

How to Find the Volume of a Solid with a Circular Cross-Section
Calculus allows you to calculate the volume of conical objects by dividing the object into an infinite number of circular cross-sections - geometrical shapes resembling pancakes or washers - and adding [more…]
How to Form Present and Past Participles in Spanish
Regular Spanish verbs follow regular rules when they become present participles, verbs that end in -ing in English, and past participles, verbs that end in [more…]

How to Form Simple Tenses with Regular Spanish Verbs
The regular Spanish verbs that end in -ar, -er,and -ir take a pretty regular method in forming simple tenses. You start with the stem of the word and add an ending according to the person or pronoun you [more…]

How to Format Interval Notation in Pre-Calculus
In pre-calculus you deal with inequalities and you use interval notation to express the solution set to an inequality. The following formulas show how to format solution sets in interval notation. [more…]

How to Generate Creative Writing Ideas
Writer’s block affects all writers from time to time. If you feel a bit stuck for inspiration, try these techniques to get your creative juices flowing. [more…]

How to Get Going on a Grant Application
Applying for a grant requires plenty of preparation and research. To begin the grant-seeking process, you need to understand the different types of grants, what grant money can be used for, and what grantwriters [more…]

How to Graph Sine, Cosine, and Tangent
So, you need to graph a sine, cosine, or tangent. Sine, cosine, and tangent - and their reciprocals, cosecant, secant, and cotangent - are periodic functions, which means that their graphs contain a basic [more…]

How to Group Six Terms for Factoring
You can group terms for factoring in expressions where the terms don't share a common factor or common variable. When grouping six terms for factoring, there’s the chance that the groups can be two groups [more…]

How to Handle Legal Situations in Spanish-Speaking Countries
When traveling in a Spanish-speaking country, you may find yourself accidentally breaking a law you knew nothing about. That’s why it helps to know how to handle legal situations when you’re in a Spanish-speaking [more…]

How to Hire a Taxi in a Spanish City
Like many urban areas worldwide, taxis are often available for hire in Spanish-speaking cities. To take advantage of this service, though, you need to know how to go about hiring a taxi. Following are [more…]

How to Horizontally Transform a Function
You can transform any function into a related function by shifting it horizontally or vertically, flipping it over (reflecting it) horizontally or vertically, or stretching or shrinking it horizontally [more…]

How to Identify a Quadratic Expression
You can identify a quadratic expression (or second-degree expression) because it's an expression that has a variable that's squared and no variables with powers higher than 2 in any of the terms. [more…]

How to Identify the Parts of Speech
If you’re increasing your vocabulary and adding new words to your repertoire, you need to know the part of speech the words belong to so that you can use them correctly. The following list shows the eight [more…]

How to Identify Your Commercial Identifiers
If you’re developing work or product that you want to get a patent on, register as the copyright holder of, or trademark, you need to be able to distinguish the fruit of your labors from the work of other [more…]

How to Integrate by Parts
Integrating by parts is a complicated calculus procedure. This video uses example problems to show you how to put the calculus formulas to work to integrate by parts. [more…]

How to Interpret Function Graphs
You’re going to see hundreds of functions in your study of calculus, and the graphs of those functions can visually express such things as inflation, population growth, and even radioactive decay. Here [more…]

How to Join a Freemason Lodge
In order to become a Freemason, you need some basic qualifications (specific qualifications vary from one lodge to the next, but some general rules apply). If you meet the Freemason criteria, you have [more…]

How to Keep Trade Secrets
The world of patents, copyrights, and trademarks includes trade secrets. Trade secrets can take many forms, such as your customer and supplier list, your next marketing campaign, a particular process or [more…]

How to Know When a Derivative Doesn't Exist
There are three situations where a derivative fails to exist. The derivative of a function at a given point is the slope of the tangent line at that point. So, if you can’t draw a tangent line, there’s [more…]

How to Locate Concavity and Inflection Points
You can find a function's concavity (where a function is concave up or down) and inflection points (where the concavity switches) fairly simply. The following steps show you how to find the intervals of [more…]

How to Make Appointments in French
The trick to making appointments in French is being prepared for the questions and answers you’ll hear. As long as you know French vocabulary for the who [more…]

How to Make Appointments in German
In most German-speaking countries, people are a bit more formal than in the United States. They prefer to set appointments for most everything. Consequently, it is important to learn how to make appointments [more…]

How to Make Appointments in Italian
The trick to making appointments in Italian is being prepared for the questions and answers you'll hear. As long as you know Italian vocabulary for the [more…]

How to Make Introductions in Arabic
Learning the proper way to make introductions in Arabic can help you get off to the right start. The Arabic language tends to be a bit more formal than American English. Consequently, introductions in [more…]

How to Make Introductions in French
Learning the proper way to make introductions in French can help you get off to the right start. The French language tends to be a bit more formal than American English. Consequently, introductions in [more…]

How to Make Introductions in German
Learning the proper way to make introductions in German can help you get off to the right start. The German language tends to be a bit more formal than American English. Consequently, introductions in [more…]

How to Make Introductions in Italian
Learning the proper way to make introductions in Italian can help you get off to the right start. The Italian language tends to be a bit more formal than American English. Consequently, introductions in [more…]

How to Make Introductions in Japanese
Learning the proper way to make introductions in Japanese can help you get off to the right start. The Japanese culture is more formal than American English. Consequently, introductions in Japanese follow [more…]

How to Make Small Talk in Arabic
Making small talk in Arabic is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children - just say it in Arabic! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]

How to Make Small Talk in Chinese
Making small talk in Chinese is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children - just say it in Chinese! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]

How to Make Small Talk in French
Making small talk in French is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children - just say it in French! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]

How to Make Small Talk in German
Making small talk in German is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children - just say it in German! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]

How to Make Small Talk in Italian
Making small talk in Italian is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children - just say it in Italian! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]

How to Make Small Talk in Japanese
Making small talk in Japanese is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children - just say it in Japanese! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have [more…]

How to Make Small Talk in Russian
Making small talk in Russian is just the same as in English. Touch on familiar topics like jobs, sports, children - just say it in Russian! Small talk describes the brief conversations that you have with [more…]

How to Make the Most of Your Second and Third Years of Law School
After you survive 1L - the first year of law school - you don’t get to relax exactly, but you do get to catch your breath and glance up from your books to consider the world around you and your place in [more…]

How to Make Vocabulary Word Flash Cards
The simple act of writing down a new word and its definition can help you remember it. Vocabulary word flash cards are pretty easy to make and serve you and anyone else interested in building their vocabulary [more…]

How to Measure Angles with Radians
Degrees aren’t the only way to measure angles. You can also use radians. Degrees and radians are just two different ways to measure angles, like inches and centimeters are two ways of measuring length. [more…]

How to Modify the Display on Your TI-Nspire
Is the display on your TI-Nspire too bright, not bright enough, or need to be turned off? These shortcuts will modify the display on your TI-Nspire quickly: [more…]

How to Multiply and Divide Fractions in Algebra
This video shows how to multiply and divide fractions by multiplying the numerators and denominators - even if the fractions have unlike denominators. In algebra or basic math, cancelling out equal factors [more…]

How to Multiply and Divide Positive and Negative Numbers
Multiplying and dividing positive and negative numbers is a simple operation with two numbers. With three or more, it is also straightforward, but you use the Even-Odd Rule. [more…]

How to Multiply Binomials Using the FOIL Method
The FOIL method lets you multiply two binomials in a particular order. You don't have to multiply binomials by following the FOIL order, but it does make the process easier. The letters in FOIL refer to [more…]

How to Multiply Exponents
You can multiply many exponential expressions together without having to change their form into the big or small numbers they represent. When multiplying exponents, the only requirement is that the bases [more…]

How to Multiply Three Mixed Numbers
Multiplying mixed numbers is quite similar to multiplying simple fractions. Sometimes, you may need to multiply three or more mixed numbers together, for example, when applying one discount after another [more…]

How to Multiply Two Mixed Numbers
Knowing how to multiply fractions will help when it comes to multiplying two mixed numbers. This is because when multiplying mixed numbers, you first have to change them to improper fractions. You then [more…]

How to Multiply Variables
When variables are the same, multiplying them together compresses them into a single factor (variable). But you still can’t combine different variables. When multiplying variables, you multiply the coefficients [more…]

How to Name Binary Covalent Compounds
Binary covalent compounds are compounds made up of only two elements, such as carbon dioxide. Prefixes are used in the names of binary compounds to indicate the number of atoms of each nonmetal present [more…]

How to Order Food in Arabic
Knowing how to order food in Arabic is essential, whether you're on a short visit to the Middle East or planning to live there. Put some some basic Arabic restaurant [more…]

How to Order Food in Chinese
Whether you're on a short visit to a Chinese-speaking country or planning to live there, knowing how to order food in Chinese is essential. Fortunately, food in China is fantastic and inexpensive. There’s [more…]

How to Order Food in French
Knowing how to order food in French is essential, whether you're on a short visit to a French-speaking country or planning to live there. Eating out at French restaurants and cafes can be a lot of fun, [more…]

How to Order Food in German
Whether you're on a short visit to a German-speaking country or planning to live there, knowing how to order food in German is essential. Eating out can be a lot of fun, especially if you know some basic [more…]

How to Order Food in Italian
Whether you're on a short visit to an Italian-speaking country or planning to live there, knowing how to order food in Italian is essential. Eating out can be a lot of fun, especially if you know some [more…]

How to Order Food in Japanese
Whether you're on a short visit to a Japanese-speaking country or planning to live there, knowing how to order food in Japanese is essential. Knowing some basic restaurant [more…]

How to Order Food in Russian
Russians are famous for their bountiful cuisine. Whether you're on a short visit or planning to live there, knowing how to talk about Russian food is essential. Eating out at Russian restaurants and cafes [more…]

How to Perform Distribution in Algebra
Distributing items is an act of spreading them out equally. Algebraic distribution means to multiply each of the terms within the parentheses by another term that is outside the parentheses. To distribute [more…]

How to Promote Your Children’s Book
After you’ve written a children’s book, you have to sell it - you didn’t spend all that time and effort just to entertain youself, did you? Try to accomplish one of the following tasks each week to help [more…]

How to Pronounce Arabic Sounds
To be understood in Arabic, you need to recognize and know how to pronounce some distinct sounds that differ from English, or don't exist in English at all. The Arabic sound system isn't as different from [more…]

How to Pronounce Tricky Sounds in the Chinese Language
The Chinese language has some distinct sounds that are can be tricky to pronounce. To be understood in Chinese, you need to know how to pronounce these sounds, which tend to give English speakers some [more…]

How to Pronounce Tricky Sounds in the Japanese Language
The Japanese language has some distinct sounds that are can be tricky to pronounce. To be understood in Japanese, you need to know how to pronounce these sounds, which tend to give English speakers some [more…]

How to Pronounce Vowels in Spanish
The letters that are vowels in English are also vowels in Spanish, but they aren't always pronounced the same. Generally speaking, pronouncing vowels in Spanish is a lot less complicated than pronouncing [more…]

How to Raise Powers of Powers
When raising a power to a power in an exponential expression, you find the new power by multiplying the two powers together. For example, in the following expression, x to the power of 3 is being raised [more…]

How to Read a Poem Aloud
Poems are designed to be read aloud - you'll get a better experience and understanding of the whole poem. Try these tips for reading poetry out loud: [more…]

How to Recognize a Perfectly Squared Binomial
Recognizing a perfectly squared binomial can make life easier. When you recognize a perfectly squared binomial, you've identified a shortcut that saves time when distributing binomials over other terms [more…]

How to Recognize Inverse Functions
You can tell that two functions are inverse functions when each one undoes what the other does. When you graph inverse functions, each is a mirror image of the other. Here are some examples of inverse [more…]

How to Reduce Fractions Using Prime Factorization
You can use prime factorization to reduce fractions. Start with numbers only and then add variables (letters that represent any real number) to the mix. The beauty of using the prime factorization method [more…]

How to Refer to People in Japanese
An important form of Japanese courtesy is knowing how to refer to people. When meeting people in Japan, be sure to use the appropriate formal title. San [more…]

How to Remember the Order of Operations
You have to follow the order of operations with each algebra problem you solve. Following the order of operations in algebra ensures that anyone reading a mathematical expression can solve it the same [more…]

How to Reorder Operations with the Commutative Property
The commutative property makes working with algebraic expressions easier. The commutative property changes the order of some numbers in an operation to make the work tidier or more convenient - all without [more…]

How to Represent Electrons in an Energy Level Diagram
Chemists sometimes use an energy level diagram to represent electrons when they’re looking at chemical reactions and bonding. An energy level diagram is more useful and easier to work with than quantum [more…]

How to Say Dates and Times in Arabic
When making plans, appointments, and travel arrangements in Arabic-speaking countries, you need to be able to state dates and other calendar terms in Arabic. Understanding the days of the week, the months [more…]

How to Say Dates and Times in Chinese
When making plans, appointments, and travel arrangements in Chinese-speaking countries, you need to be able to state dates and other calendar terms in Chinese. Knowing how to say and understand dates, [more…]

How to Say Dates and Times in French
When making plans, appointments, and travel arrangements in French-speaking countries, you need to be able to state dates and other calendar terms in French. Knowing how to say and understand dates, the [more…]

How to Say Dates and Times in German
When making plans, appointments, and travel arrangements in German-speaking countries, you need to be able to state dates and other calendar terms in, well, German. Understanding the days of the week, [more…]

How to Say Dates and Times in Italian
When making plans, appointments, and travel arrangements in Italian-speaking countries, you need to be able to state dates and other calendar terms in Italian. Understanding the days of the week, the months [more…]

How to Say Dates and Times in Japanese
When making plans, appointments, and travel arrangements in Japanese-speaking countries, you need to be able to state dates and other calendar terms in Japanese. Understanding the days of the week, the [more…]

How to Say the Alphabet in Portuguese
When you’re learning Portuguese, reciting your ABCs is probably one of the first things you need to know. The following table is a handy guide to help you get a handle on how to pronounce letters in Portuguese [more…]

How to Separate Fiction from Truth about Freemasons
Over the last three centuries, Freemasonry has been accused of everything from Satan worship and blood sacrifice to political assassination and world domination. Each of these Freemason myths has been [more…]

How to Simplify Negative Exponents with Variables
Distributing with negative exponents means that you'll have fractional answers. A base that has a negative exponent can be changed to a fraction. The base and the exponent become the denominator, but the [more…]

How to Solve Algebra Problems with Grouping Symbols
Grouping symbols organize an algebra problem that contains multiple groups. These grouping symbols - parentheses (), brackets [], braces {}, radicals (the square root symbol), and fraction lines - show [more…]

How to Solve Limits at Infinity by Using Algebra
Yes, you can solve a limit at infinity using a calculator, but all things being equal, it’s better to solve the problem algebraically, because then you have a mathematically airtight answer. For example [more…]

How to Solve Limits at Infinity by Using Horizontal Asymptotes
Horizontal asymptotes and limits at infinity always go hand in hand. You can’t have one without the other. If you’ve got a rational function like [more…]

How to Solve Limits at Infinity with a Calculator
Solving for a limit that's not a rational function is a snap with a calculator. For example, enter the function in the limit [more…]

How to Solve Limits by Conjugating
To solve limit problems, you can use conjugate multiplication. When substitution doesn’t work in the original function - usually because of a hole in the function - you can use conjugate multiplication [more…]

How to Solve Limits by Factoring
You can use the algebraic technique of factoring to solve “real” limit problems. All algebraic methods involve the same basic idea. When substitution doesn’t work in the original function - usually because [more…]

How to Solve Limits with a Calculator
You can solve most limit problems by using your calculator. There are two ways you can do this. For example, say you want to evaluate the following limit: [more…]

How to Solve Limits with a Limit Sandwich
When you can't solve a limit by using algebra, try making a limit sandwich. The best way to understand the sandwich, or squeeze, method is by looking at a graph. [more…]

How to Solve Limits with Various Algebraic Approaches
All algebraic methods for solving limit problems involve the same basic idea. When substitution doesn’t work in the original function - usually because of a hole in the function - you can use algebra to [more…]

How to Solve Linear Equations with Both Multiplication and Division
Often, you need to use both multiplication and division to solve a linear equation. When a linear equation uses both multiplication and division, you solve by using the inverse operation of each. So, if [more…]

How to Solve Linear Equations with Division
A basic method for solving linear equations is to divide each side of the equation by the same number. Many formulas and equations include a coefficient, or multiplier, with the variable. To get rid of [more…]

How to Solve Linear Equations with Multiplication
To solve linear equations with multiplication, you first determine that division is being used in the linear equation. Multiplication is the inverse (opposite) operation of division, so you can use multiplication [more…]

How to Solve Linear Equations with Reciprocals
You can use the reciprocal of the number that you’re trying to “get rid of” if a fraction is multiplying the variable. You solve linear equations with reciprocals when you see a fraction - it's easier [more…]

How to Solve Problems Using Exponential Expressions
Using exponential expressions to solve problems that involve repeated actions is the best way to find the answer. Exponential expressions help you figure out problems that do the same thing over and over [more…]

How to Solve Quadratic Equations with the Square Root Rule
In algebra, you can solve a quadratic equation by applying the square root rule. With a squared term and a constant, the special quadratic equation is easily solved. [more…]

How to Solve Simple Linear Equations in Algebra
Solving linear equations in algebra is done with multiplication, division, or reciprocals. Using reciprocals, or multiplicative inverse, as well as multiplying and dividing with certain formulas, you can [more…]

How to Stock a Forensics Toolbox
Crime scene investigators and forensics specialists are called to all types of crime scenes and at all hours. If you’re an investigator, you need certain tools and equipment to perform your duties, and [more…]

How to Subtract Positive and Negative Numbers
Subtracting positive and negative numbers is really easy to do: You don’t! Just change the minus sign (the one that's the operator) to a plus sign, change the number that the minus sign was in front of [more…]

How to Survive Law School Exams
Law school is hard - everyone knows that. And, possibly the hardest part of law school are the exams. You need to know what to expect and be able to adjust when the exam covers something you didn’t prepare [more…]

How to Survive Your First Year of Law School
The first year of law school, or 1L as it’s called, is the most brutal. To make it through your first law school classes, you need grim determination and a sense of proportion. Successful survival tactics [more…]

How to Tell Time in Russian
To get the most out of your vryemya(VR'EH-m'uh) (time) in a Russian-speaking country, know how to state and ask for time and specify times of the day. In Russian, there are many different ways to talk [more…]

How to Unevenly Group Four Terms for Factoring
Sometimes in factoring, four terms can be separated into uneven groupings with three terms in one group and one term in the other. Unevenly grouping four terms for factoring can be applied to expressions [more…]

How to Use FOIL to Distribute Two Binomials
Use FOIL to distribute two binomials. The FOIL method - which stands for first, outer, inner, and last - takes two binomials and multiplies them for a single quadratic equation. Solving for binomials with [more…]

How to Use Limits to Determine Continuity
Continuity is such a simple concept - really. A continuous function is simply a function with no gaps - a function that you can draw without taking your pencil off the paper. Consider the four functions [more…]

How to Use Limits to Determine Continuity
Continuity is such a simple concept - really. A continuous function is simply a function with no gaps - a function that you can draw without taking your pencil off the paper. Consider the four functions [more…]

How to Use Logarithmic Differentiation
For some functions, you can use logarithmic differentiation much more easily than another form of differentiation, such as the product rule. Say that you want to differentiate the following: [more…]

How to Use Opposite Operations
When solving an equation in algebra, you will often use an opposite operation such as additive inverse or multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) to work your way toward the answer. You have to undo operations [more…]

How to Use SohCahToa to Find the Functions of a Right Triangle
You can use SohCahToa to help you remember the definitions of the sine, cosine, and tangent functions for a right triangle. The study of trigonometry begins with the right triangle. The three main trig [more…]

How to Use Spanish Interrogative Pronouns
The famous “five Ws” (who, what, when, where, why) are all considered interrogative pronouns because they’re pronouns used to ask a question. Their Spanish equivalents may not have a cute mnemonic device [more…]

How to Use Spanish Subject Pronouns Correctly
Knowing how to use certain Spanish subject pronouns correctly can be confusing for a variety of reasons, including the fact that two different Spanish subject pronouns can have the same English meaning [more…]

How to Use the Chain Rule to Find the Derivative of Nested Functions
Sometimes, when you need to derive a nested function, figuring out which function is inside which can be a bit tricky - especially when a function is nested inside another and then both of them are inside [more…]

How to Use the Order of Operations
Follow the order of operations with each algebra problem you solve. The order of operations in algebra is important if you want to find the correct answer. You first work through any grouping symbols, [more…]

How to Use the Order of Operations
You can follow the order of operations with each algebra problem you solve. The order of operations in algebra is important if you want to find the correct answer. You first work through any grouping symbols [more…]

How to Use the Quadratic Formula to Solve Algebraic Equations
Using the quadratic formula to solve equations may bring one, two, or no algebraic solutions. The quadratic formula is special to quadratic equations, which can have fractions, radicals, or neverending [more…]

How to Use the Spanish Preposition A
Using the Spanish preposition a(ah) correctly in a sentence can be tricky because a (which translates to to or atin English) can show a number of things. So how exactly can you figure out what the Spanish [more…]

How to Use the Spanish Preposition De
The Spanish preposition de (deh) has several meanings: of, from, or about, depending on your context. De’s multiple personalities make using the word correctly a bit tough - unless you know the specific [more…]

How to Use the Spanish Preposition En
Using the Spanish preposition en(ehn) correctly in a sentence can be tricky because en can mean in, by, or on. So how do you know how to translate a sentence that contains the preposition [more…]

How to Use UnFOIL to Factor Quadratic Equations
Using the unFOIL method to factor quadratic equations into two binomials requires many steps. Prime factorization and order of decreasing powers are two parts of the unFOIL method, which helps you solve [more…]

How to Vertically Transform a Function
To transform a function vertically, you add a number to or subtract a number from the entire function, or multiply it by a number.
To do something to an entire function, say [more…]

How to Work with Coefficients
Algebra simplifies expressions with coefficients, which are numbers preceding variables. For example, 3 is the coefficient in 3x. Rather than using a multiplication sign between 3 and [more…]

How to Work with Lines in Calculus
A line is the simplest function that you can graph on the coordinate plane. (Lines are important in calculus because when you zoom in far enough on a curve, it looks and behaves like a line.) This figure [more…]

How to Write Numbers in Scientific Notation
Scientific notation is a standard way of writing very large and very small numbers so that they're easier to both compare and use in computations. To write in scientific notation, follow the form [more…]

How to Write Open-Form Poetry
Open-form poetry rejects the organization and structure found in traditional poetry such as sonnets and haiku. Open poetry - including chance poetry, Surrealism, and free verse - use experimental techniques [more…]

How Would You Define Chemistry as a Science?
Chemistry is a branch of science that studies the composition and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes. Chemistry is far more than a collection of facts and a body of knowledge. It’s all about [more…]

How Zero Affects Positive and Negative Numbers
It isn’t too tricky to perform operations using positive and negative numbers with zero. You follow normal addition and subtraction rules, and what zero does to the final sign depends on where the zero [more…]

Hydrogen Wave Functions: Single-Electron Atoms in Quantum Physics
One of the triumphs of quantum physics is the solution - to a high degree - of the motion of the electron in the hydrogen atom. But the hydrogen wave functions aren’t easily memorized - you need to remember [more…]

Hypnotizing Yourself
When you think of hypnosis, two images probably come to mind. The first is from a B-grade movie where you see some Svengali-like doctor - usually deranged - dangling a pocket watch in the face of some [more…]

Identifying a Noun’s Gender in Spanish
The gender of nouns is always a stumbling point for people learning Spanish. In Spanish, nouns always take on a specific gender. This gender role is in addition to the traditional role nouns take on as [more…]

Identifying and Using Common Spanish Prepositions
Prepositions are useful tools for joining different words, clauses, or phrases. In Spanish, they can connect nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, or verbs to nouns/pronouns. Spanish has dozens of commonly used [more…]

Identifying and Using Spanish Prepositional Pronouns
Certain special Spanish pronouns must be used after prepositions and are thus known as prepositional pronouns. They serve as the object of the prepositions they follow. The following table acquaints you [more…]

Identifying Reverse-Gender Nouns in Spanish
Although the gender of most Spanish nouns is fairly obvious (nouns that end in -o often are masculine, and nouns that end in -a often are feminine), some Spanish nouns reverse their gender. These reverse-gender [more…]

Identifying Themes in Your Autobiography for Your College Admission Essay
The stories of your life are an important ingredient of the admission essay, but they're not the only ingredient. You also need to identify the themes that run through the information you present to the [more…]

Imagining Stupid Things You Can Do to Mess Up Your GRE
Take a few minutes to consider what crazy things people do to blow the GRE exam totally. By being aware of these catastrophes, you may prevent calamity from finding its way into your test-taking experience [more…]

The Importance of Pauses in Poems
One of the most powerful tools in any reader's arsenal is the pause. Where do pauses occur in a poem? Wherever you see a powerful moment. Such moments include [more…]

Important Acronyms in the Middle East
If you want to understand political and social issues in the Middle East, you need to be familiar with the acronyms commonly used in those discussions. The following list gives you the well-known Middle [more…]

Important Keystrokes for the TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator
Get the most from your TI-83 Plus graphing calculator by knowing some important keystrokes. With the TI-83 Plus calculator, you can insert or delete symbols, add a value to a variable, evaluate expressions [more…]

Important Parts of Eukaryotic Cells
All eukaryotic cells have organelles, a nucleus, and many internal membranes. These components divide the eukaryotic cell into sections, with each specializing in different functions. Each function is [more…]

Important People in the World of Nostradamus
People are at the heart of many of Nostradamus's prophecies, so knowing who's on stage is important. Nostradamus himself leads this cast of major players and influences: [more…]

Important Physics Equations
Physics is packed with formulas and equations. This comprehensive list, arranged by topic, represents essential physics equations you need to keep handy when you're dealing with physics formulas. [more…]

Important Physics Equations and Formulas
Physics relies on a lot of equations and formulas. Following is a comprehensive list of some important ones that related to your physics studies - arranged by topic - so you don’t have to go searching [more…]

The Important Role of Cellulose to Plant and Animal Life
Cellulose is a polysaccharide (a form of carbohydrate) that has a structural role in animals and plants. In plants, cellulose is the compound that gives rigidity to the cells. The bonds between each cellulose [more…]

Important Theories in Criminology: Why People Commit Crime
In criminology, examining why people commit crime is very important in the ongoing debate of how crime should be handled and prevented. Many theories have emerged over the years, and they continue to be [more…]

Improving Your Vocabulary for the ASVAB
Having an extensive vocabulary can help you do well on the Word Knowledge ASVAB subtest. But even if you don't have a huge vocabulary, the strategies in this article can help you make up for that. [more…]

Inserting Characters and Symbols on Your TI-Nspire
Some common characters and symbols are not available on the primary and secondary keys of your TI-Nspire. To access these characters and symbols use these shortcuts: [more…]

Introducing Yourself and Your Friends in German
Meeting and greeting often requires introductions. You might be accompanied by friends when you meet somebody, or you might have to introduce your wife or husband to your boss at a formal dinner party. [more…]

Introducing Yourself in Portuguese
Introducing yourself is easy as torta de morango (toh-tah jee moh-dahng-goh; strawberry pie). Here are a couple different ways to do it: [more…]

An Introduction to Numbers in Arabic
Get to know how to say your numbers in Arabic. You’ll need them for shopping, dining, and transportation. Here’s a list of Arabic numbers, with the pronunciation, to get you started: [more…]

Ionic Bonds: Why and How Ions Are Formed
Ionic bonding is the type of bonding that holds salts together. To better understand why and how ions - atoms that have a charge due to the loss or gain of electrons - are formed, you can study what happens [more…]

Ions: Atoms with an Electrical Charge
Atoms (or groups of atoms) in which there are unequal numbers of protons and electrons are called ions. Usually, the number of protons and electrons in atoms are equal. But there are cases in which an [more…]
Islamic Terms Useful in Understanding the Middle East
Islam is the predominant religion in the Middle East, so if you’re interested in Middle Eastern issues, you need to be familiar with some of basic Islamic terms and concepts. The following list explains [more…]

Isotopes: Different Types of Atoms
Atoms in a chemical element that have different numbers of neutrons than protons and electrons are called isotopes. The atoms in a particular element have an identical number of protons and electrons but [more…]

Italian Courtesy Phrases
A general rule for Italians is to be respectful and courteous to everyone. Use these courtesy phrases when speaking in Italian so you’re equally polite and can communicate easily: [more…]

Italian For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Planning a trip to Italy? Learn some basic Italian to make it more fulfilling. Get to know Italian greetings, question words, numbers, and the days of the week. Also, be sure to know how to ask for help [more…]

Italian Greetings
Knowing Italian greetings can make a good impression whether you're speaking Italian for business or while traveling. Offer polite greetings to friends and associates or as a way to break the ice when [more…]

Italian Travel-Related Words and Phrases
Traveling in Italy can be confusing if you can't read the signs or understand the instructions you're given. Learning a few useful travel-related words and phrases in Italian before you begin traveling [more…]

Italian Vocabulary for Shopping
Develop an Italian shopping vocabulary to gain a new cultural experience when traveling. Whether you're shopping for clothes, food, or souvenirs, you can use the following Italian phrases to help you find [more…]

Items You Should Take to the GMAT
Forget your calculator when you take the GMAT. The only things you need to bring for taking the test, besides a confident attitude and a good night’s sleep, are: [more…]

Japanese For Dummies Cheat Sheet
If you’re learning Japanese, you need the basics - numbers, questions, and phrases for meeting and greeting and being polite. In Japanese verbs change according to whether they’re negative or affirmative [more…]

Japanese Noun Particles
English has articles and prepositions, Japanese has noun particles to convey the subject of the sentence, the start point, end point, and direction of the action, and even the subject of the sentence. [more…]

Japanese Phrases for Meeting and Greeting
The whole point of learning Japanese is to be able to converse, right? And, before you can carry on a conversation with someone, you have to meet them. The phrases in the following list are ones you need [more…]

Japanese Travel-Related Words and Phrases
Traveling in Japan can be confusing if you can't read the signs or understand the instructions you're given. Learning a few useful travel-related words and phrases in Japanese before you travel can save [more…]

Japanese Verb Forms
To understand any language, including Japanese, you need to know verbs - the words that convey action. And just as English verbs have a few eccentricities, it pays to keep a few facts in mind when you’re [more…]

Japanese Vocabulary for Shopping
Develop a Japanese shopping vocabulary to gain a new cultural experience when traveling. Whether you're shopping for clothes, food, or souvenirs, you can use the following Japanese phrases to help you [more…]

Just the Facts, Ma'am: Arguing for Logic on the LSAT
What do lawyers do? They argue. They make statements and support them with evidence in order to convince a judge or jury that they're right or that their opponents are wrong. They read statutes and cases [more…]

Keeping Homeschool Grades
Whether to collect and post grades in the homeschool is a reasonable question. And plenty of homeschool parents are asking it these days.
Whether you decide to keep grades in your homeschool depends almost [more…]

Keeping Track of String Theory’s Many Names
String theory has gone through many name changes over the years. This list provides an at-a-glance look at some of the major names for different types of string theory. Some versions have more specific [more…]

Key Dates in U.S. History
You may think that U.S. history starts with the American Revolution, but before that pivotal event came the hunters who first explored the continent and the Europeans who tried to colonize it. Of course [more…]

Key Events in String Theory History
Although string theory is a young science, it has had many notable achievements. What follows are some landmark events in the history of string theory: [more…]

King Phillip IV, Pope Clement V, and the Fall of the Knights Templar - Part I
The Crusades of the Knights Templar were failures, but their ultimate doom came from outside the Order - from the manipulation of church and state by a greedy French king. [more…]

King Phillip IV, Pope Clement V, and the Fall of the Knights Templar - Part II
King Phillip IV of France set his sights on the fabled riches of the Knights Templar. His aim was to destroy the Templar Order and confiscate all their treasuries and properties in France, but he had to [more…]

Know Your Dream Cycles
To fully understand and record your dreams, it's best to start with some knowledge about your sleep and dream cycles, and how your dream cycles affect your waking life. Science tells us that everyone dreams [more…]

Knowing How to Impress the Science Fair Judges
Even with some background about what science fair judging involves, you're probably still nervous. You know that your project is good and that your display is attractive. You even know what the judges [more…]

Knowing the Names of Latin American Currencies
Some Latin American countries use the same name, peso(peh-soh), for their currency. However, other countries have their own Spanish word for the name of their money. Here are the names of many currencies [more…]

Knowing What Can Go Wrong with Your Immune System
The human species wouldn't have survived long if the body had no immune system. The first cold virus would have made the original members of our fair species extinct right away, if the body's immune system [more…]

Knowing When to Use the Spanish Tú and Usted
Spanish speakers use tú (too) and usted (oos-tehd), which both mean “you,” to convey the formality of a relationship. Tú is less formal than usted.
You use [more…]

Knowing Where and When to Have Love Scenes in a Romance Novel
You have to know where to place the love scenes in your book to make them really effective. Even a beautifully written love scene jars the reader when you put it in the wrong place, making her question [more…]

Knowing Where to Put Adjectives in Spanish Sentences
Placing adjectives in the right spot can be tricky in Spanish because different types of adjectives are positioned differently in a sentence. To help solve the mystery of Spanish adjectives, follow these [more…]

Knowing Whether to Use Ser or Estar
Perhaps the most difficult part about using the Spanish verbs ser and estar correctly is choosing which one to use. When you encounter different types of being - unchanging essential being and being that [more…]

Knowing You Better: Vosotros and Ustedes
The pronoun vosotros(bvoh-soh-trohs) (plural you) is used in spoken Spanish in Spain only. Spaniards use vosotrosto informally address a group of people. In all other Spanish-speaking countries, [more…]

Knowing Your Rights and Lefts: Describing Relative Positions in Spanish
If you know the right words, you can use Spanish to describe something or someone’s position in relation to your body. Follow these guidelines to correctly use Spanish to identify the space around your [more…]

Language, Ethnicity, and Tradition in the Middle East
A great tension exists between different ethnic groups in the Middle East. In South Asia, for example, Pashtuns, Punjabis, Sindhis, Hazaras, Tajiks, and other groups are in constant conflict. In 1988, [more…]

Latin and Greek in Anatomy and Physiology
Science, especially medicine, is permeated with Latin and Greek terms. Latin names are used for every part of the body; and since the Greeks are the founders of modern medicine, Greek terms are common [more…]

Latin: Exploring Roman Athletics
As one of the first great multicultural societies, the Roman Empire understood something about entertainment. From cathartic tragedies to bawdy comedies to the sands of the arena, the Romans knew how to [more…]

The Law and Your Job: Dealing with Employment-Related Discrimination
At some point in your working career, you may believe that you have been the victim of employment-related discrimination. In most cases, your first response should be an informal one - bring the problem [more…]

Law For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Legal help (some free of charge) and information understanding the law with things like debt, fraud, and discrimination are available through a wide variety of legal groups and government agencies. [more…]

Law School For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Law school is a major challenge - especially the first year - and a major opportunity. Knowing how to make yourself a standout applicant gets you into the classroom, where you can make use of techniques [more…]

The Laws of Quantum Physics: The Schrödinger Equation
The Schrödinger equation is one of the most basic formulas of quantum physics. With the Schrödinger equation, you can solve for the wave functions of particles, and that allows you to say everything you [more…]

Learning English as a Foreign Language Cheat Sheet
Use these helpful resources to help you speak English quickly and fluently. Build your confidence by saying the days of the week, months of the year and numbers, as well as practising common greetings [more…]

Lesson Planning Checklist for Teaching English
No matter what country you are teaching in, use this handy checklist to make sure that you’re really prepared for each lesson when you’re teaching English as a foreign language. [more…]

Lewis and Clark: Profiling Meriwether Lewis
President Thomas Jefferson never appeared to waver in his decision to send Meriwether Lewis to lead the Corps of Discovery into the American West. Though he had turned Lewis down to lead a similar trip [more…]

Lewis and Clark: William Clark for Expedition Co-Captain
Thomas Jefferson was leaning on Lewis to find a second in command for the expedition. Lewis went a step further than naming a second: He wrote to William Clark in June of 1803 and offered him co-command [more…]

Lewis and Clark: Wooing the Sioux
On their expedition, Lewis and Clark knew from their investigations in St. Louis that support and cooperation from the Sioux bands was vital to the success of American trade with the Missouri River tribes [more…]

Lipoproteins and Your Risk for Heart Disease
Lipoproteins - such as HDLs and LDLs - are compounds made from a fat (lipid) and protein. Too many LDLs can increase your risk for heart disease. The job of lipoproteins is to carry cholesterol around [more…]

A Little about Diminutives in Spanish
When you want to make a diminutive in Spanish, a little change can make a big difference. To indicate that something is “small” or “little” in Spanish, you add a few letters, called a suffix, to the end [more…]

Living Better with Better Grammar
Stuck in English class, you probably thought that grammar was invented just to give teachers something to test. But in fact grammar - or to be more precise, formal grammar instruction - exists to help [more…]

Looking at Rhythm and Meter in Poetry
Rhythm is the pattern of stresses in a line of verse. When you speak, you stress some syllables and leave others unstressed. When you string a lot of words together, you start seeing patterns. Rhythm is [more…]

Looking at Who Uses Logic - and How
With all the restrictions placed upon it, you may think that logic is too narrow to be of much use. But this narrowness is logic's great strength. Logic is like a laser - a tool whose best use is not illumination [more…]

Looking Back at the Impact of Rosa Parks
One day, a simple act by one young woman helped set the wheels of the civil rights movement in motion. Although blacks have worked for their freedom and equality since they arrived in the United States [more…]

Looking Into the Sun King: Louis XIV
Louis XIV was a mere 5 years old when he became King of France in 1643. And because he lived to the ripe old age of 77, he had plenty of time to establish his place in French history. [more…]

The Lost Symbol: Truth or Fiction?
Dan Brown's book, The Lost Symbol, invites much curiosity - and speculation - about a brotherhood of secrets and symbols. So, what's the truth behind the storytelling? Here are a few facts revealed: [more…]

LSAT Logic Games For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Strategy and organization are key when you’re tackling the logic games in the Analytical Reasoning part of the LSAT. By analyzing the parts of these logic puzzles, taking notes in a clear and concise way [more…]

Major Recent Acts of Congress Concerning Native Americans
The period of Native American self-determination began in 1968 with the Indian Civil Rights Act, which, in a nutshell, guaranteed Bill of Rights protections - freedom of speech, religion, the press, the [more…]

Making and Handling Motions According to Robert’s Rules
When that light bulb goes off in your head and you have a great idea, you make a motion according to Robert’s Rules to get your idea discussed and a decision made. Following are the eight steps required [more…]

Making Appointments in Chinese
In most Chinese-speaking countries, people are more formal than in the United States. They prefer to set appointments for most everything. So, know how to make appointments in Chinese so that you don't [more…]

Making Comparisons of Inequality in Spanish
Comparisons of inequality show that two things or people are not the same. It doesn’t matter whether you’re using an adjective or an adverb in Spanish; you make the comparison the same way. You create [more…]

Making Equal Comparisons in Spanish
Comparisons of equality show that two things or people are the same. In Spanish, whether you’re using an adjective or an adverb, you make the comparison the same way. [more…]

Making Excuses with the Conditional Perfect in Spanish
The conditional perfect is a Spanish verb tense you can’t live without. It enables you to provide excuses in Spanish for actions that would have taken place if certain conditions had existed. “I would [more…]

Making Geometry Easier
The first rule of life? Life (as well as geometry) can be difficult. But why make it more difficult than it has to be? Here are 11 tried-and-true tips to make your forays into the world of geometry as [more…]

Making Interstellar Travel Possible
For those of us who keep our eyes fixed to the heavens, Einstein's theory of special relativity has thrilling implications. Namely, the relativity of time and space allows for the possibility of human [more…]

Making Past Participles Out of Regular -ar, -er, and -ir Verbs in Spanish
Every Spanish verb has a past participle that expresses a completed action, such as taken, spoken, and danced.Forming the past participle in English has probably become second nature to you. In Spanish [more…]

Making Sense of Hebrew Syntax
The syntax (the arrangement of words to make sentences), or Tachbir (tahch-beer), of a Hebrew sentence is quite different from English. Have a look at the basics of word order - what syntax looks like [more…]

Making Small Talk in French
Small talk usually takes place at the beginning of a conversation with a stranger you have just met, after introducing yourselves and finding out where each of you comes from. Small talk allows you to [more…]

Making Spanish Nouns Plural
In English, you use the articles the and a or an without caring whether a singular or plural noun comes after it. However, with Spanish articles, you point out whether you're referring to one or several [more…]

Making Superlatives in Spanish Is the Best!
The superlative shows that something (or someone) is the best or worst of its (or his or her) kind. In Spanish, the article (el, la, los, las) that comes before [more…]

Making the Future Perfect Tense in Spanish
With the future perfect verb tense, you combine the future tense of the Spanish verb haber (to have) with the past participle of the main verb to express actions that [more…]

Making Time for the Last Ten Questions of the GMAT
A much better approach than lavishing time on the first ten questions of the GMAT is to allow ample time to answer the last ten questions in both the verbal and quantitative sections. Because the best [more…]

Map of Ancient Greece
Want to impress people with your knowledge of Ancient Greece? Print out and pin up this handy map as a quick and useful point of reference. [more…]

A Map of the Middle East
If you’re interested in the Middle East, a map is an essential aid to understanding the relationships and histories of the countries and people. The following map sets out national boundaries, capital [more…]

Mapping the Geography of Languages
Language is arguably the most important of the cultural universals. This is not to question the significance of religion or other traits; but language is essential to communicating and sharing many aspects [more…]

Marking Students' Written Work with Correction Codes
Most teachers use a correction code when they mark written work so that the student can do some self-correction. You can devise your own symbols but this table shows some possibilities. [more…]

Mastering Latin Ablatives
Ablatives are to Latin grammar what black holes are to space: They suck in all matter and energy. Well, sort of. Actually, the ablative case is the case for all sorts of time and space-related uses. In [more…]

Mastering the Calendar and Dates in German
Thirty days has September, April, June, and November. You should be happy to know that this little rhyme translates easily into German. But don't get overly confident yet - you still have to figure out [more…]

Mastering the Formal Geometry Proof
Suppose you need to solve a crime mystery. You survey the crime scene, gather the facts, and write them down in your memo pad. To solve the crime, you take the known facts and, step by step, show who committed [more…]

Mastering the Months in Spanish
When you look at the Spanish words for the months of the year (los meses del año; lohsmehs-es dehlahn-yoh), you may think that they look pretty familiar. The Spanish spellings for the months are similar [more…]

Math Tips for the ASVAB
Math is a basic part of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, or ASVAB. To do well on the ASVAB, you need a high-school level knowledge of math, including algebra and geometry. Brush up on basic [more…]

Mathematical Inequalities
When two numbers are different in value, a variety of symbols are used to turn them into an inequality. The four most common inequalities in arithmetic are: [more…]

Mathematical Matryoshka: Counting Numbers, Integers, Rational Numbers, and Real Numbers
When you first start dealing with numbers, you learn about the four main sets, or groups, of numbers, which, like Russian matryoshka dolls, nest inside one another: [more…]

Mathematical Order of Operations
The rules for deciding the order to evaluate arithmetic expressions, no matter how complex, are called the order of operations. The complete order of operations in math are: [more…]

Mathematical Place Value
Our number system (Hindu-Arabic) has ten familiar digits, 0 to 9. Numbers higher than 9 are made using place value, which assigns a digit a greater or lesser value depending on where it shows up in a number [more…]

The Mean Value Theorem
You don’t need the mean value theorem for much, but it’s a famous theorem - one of the two or three most important in all of calculus - so you really should learn it. Fortunately, it’s very simple. [more…]

Measuring and Making Angles
On a map, you trace your route and come to a fork in the road. Two diverging roads split from a common point and form an angle. The point at which the roads diverge is the [more…]

Measuring Up: Weight and Volume in Spanish
Spanish-speaking countries use the metric system to measure weight and volume (the United States uses the English system). So instead of asking for a pound of [more…]

Measuring Your Mind: What the SAT I Tests
Statistically, the SAT I tests whether or not you'll be successful in your first year of college. Admissions officers keep track of their students' SAT scores and have a pretty good idea which scores signal [more…]

Medical Terminology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Grasping medical terminology starts with knowing the body’s systems, recognizing medical root words commonly used, understanding the Greek influence in medical terminology, and learning those pesky hard-to-spell [more…]

Medical Terms Commonly Misspelled
Don’t get discouraged studying medical terminology. A large group of medical terms are notorious for being difficult to spell. These medical terms are commonly misspelled: [more…]

Meeting Obligations: The Relationship Between a Real Estate Agent and a Customer
Clients or principals clearly benefit from representation by an agent. Customers, who sometimes are thought of as the third party to a transaction, have rights, too. The agent is obligated to see that [more…]

Meeting the Most Often Used Suffixes
Some suffixes are used so frequently in the English language that you may not even think of them - much less recognize them - as suffixes. These include [more…]

Meeting the Third Branch of U.S. Government: The Supreme Court
The judiciary is often called the third branch of government. Why, you might ask, if it's so important, does the Court come in last in the American tri-partite system? In part, this designation is the [more…]

The Middle East For Dummies Cheat Sheet
The Middle East is a fascinating region with complex cultures, religions, and relationships. If you’re interested in this area of the world, you'll want to know the heads of state in the region, acronyms [more…]

Middle-Eastern Heads of State
Knowing the political players is an important component of understanding the Middle East. The following list contains the names and positions of those in power in key Middle Eastern countries at the end [more…]

Midway: Naval Aviation's Finest Moment in World War II
The admirals in both the American and Japanese navies had grown up believing that the decisive naval action in the Pacific would be one straight out of the age of sail - two big battle fleets fighting [more…]

Minding Your Business: The Spanish Idiom Asunto
The Spanish word asunto (ah-soon-toh) (matter; business; that which concerns you) is an idiom that’s used in several Spanish phrases. In some parts of South America, [more…]

Mirroring Gestures When Communicating
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Modelling Excellence in Your Body Language
They say that imitation is the greatest form of flattery . . . This is true when it comes to body language. Your physical actions can actually improve how you feel. [more…]

Molecular & Cell Biology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Studying molecular and cell biology can be challenging, but it's necessary if you want to pursue microbiology, biotechnology, or genetics. Understanding molecular and cell biology entails knowing the four [more…]

Money and Banking Phrases in Arabic
Traveling internationally can be expensive, so it's crucial to have a good understanding of money and banking phrases in Arabic before traveling to the Middle East. Whether you're just visiting or you're [more…]

Money and Banking Phrases in Chinese
Traveling can be expensive, so it's crucial to have a good understanding of Chinese phrases for money and banking. While in a Chinese-speaking country, the best way to ensure that you get the most for [more…]

Money and Banking Phrases in French
Traveling is expensive, so it's crucial to have a good understanding of French phrases for money and banking. While in a French-speaking country, the best way to ensure that you get the most for your money [more…]

Money and Banking Phrases in German
Traveling is expensive, so it's crucial to have a good understanding of German phrases for money and banking. While in a German-speaking country, the best way to ensure that you get the most for your money [more…]

Money and Banking Phrases in Italian
Traveling is expensive, so it's crucial to have a good understanding of Italian phrases for money and banking. While in Italy or other Italian-language areas, the best way to ensure that you get the most [more…]

Money and Banking Phrases in Japanese
Visiting Japan can be expensive, so it's crucial to have a good understanding of Japanese money and banking phrases. Whether you're just visiting or you're planning to live in Japan for a while, the best [more…]

Money and Banking Terms in Russian
Traveling is expensive, so it's crucial to have a good understanding of Russian phrases for money and banking. While in a Russian -speaking country, the best way to ensure that you get the most for your [more…]

Multiple Bonds in Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding is the sharing of one or more electron pairs. In many covalent bonding situations, multiple chemical bonds exist - more than one electron pair is shared. [more…]

Multiplying with Scientific Notation
Multiplying numbers that are in scientific notation is fairly simple because multiplying powers of 10 is so easy. Here's how to multiply two numbers that are in scientific notation: [more…]

Mythology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Many cultures create a mythology to help explain the workings of the world. Western civilization is most familiar with the gods and goddesses of Greek and Roman mythology, who have comparable powers, but [more…]

Napoleon: Basking in the Glow of Glory
When the 28-year-old General Napoleon Bonaparte returned to Paris in early December 1797, it must have seemed like he had the entire world at his feet. In a very short period of time, he had saved his [more…]

Napoleon: Being a Hero in a Troubled Nation
After military successes in Egypt, Napoleon was treated as a returning hero of mythic proportions in 1799. To the French people, he was Caesar and Alexander rolled into one. The streets were full of his [more…]

Napoleon: Educating a Genius
Napoleon's family was not impoverished, but it was by no means wealthy. During Napoleon's childhood, the Bonapartes owned only a few rooms of a large house [more…]

Napoleon's Waterloo
Waterloo is a small town a few miles south of Brussels, Belgium. It's an unassuming place, with a church, a few inns, and some homes surrounded by old stone farmhouses and lots of open fields. Those farms [more…]

Navajo: A Language and People
The Navajo Nation is the second-largest tribal group in the United States. Their name for themselves is Ni'hookaa Diyan Diné, which translates as "Lords of the Earth [more…]

Navigation Shortcuts on Your TI-Nspire
Getting around within the problems, pages, and documents on your TI-Nspire is easier and quicker when you use these TI-Nspire navigation shortcuts to help out: [more…]

No-Nos in Writing Children’s Books
Just as writing children’s books has a unique set of rules to follow (you know that the good guy or gal always wins), some things you should never do - never! Don’t even consider doing any of the following [more…]

Nonpolar [Hydrophobic] Amino Acids of Biochemistry
Amino acids play an important role in the study of biochemistry. The following nonpolar amino acids are hydrophobic, or water hating. They don’t gratefully interact with [more…]

Nostradamus and His Methods: Breaking Down the Predictions
Nostradamus didn't start out with the intention to write a book of poetry. Instead, he spent his nights in the attic in his home in Salon, France. This attic became the retreat where he studied his favorite [more…]

Nostradamus For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Nostradamus was a sixteenth century physician, astrologer, and prophet whose predictions are still being read, studied, and written about today. Although Nostradamus [more…]

Notetaking on the Computer
As far back as stone slabs and as recently as handheld computers, human beings have found ways to take note of information that they do not want to forget. And now that we're officially in the Information [more…]

Nuclear Chemistry: Half-Lives and Radioactive Dating
Scientists look at half-life decay rates of radioactive isotopes to estimate when a particular atom might decay. A useful application of half-lives is [more…]

Nuclear Fission Basics
The debate over nuclear power plants has been going on for some time, with nuclear physicists and lawmakers alike throwing around terms like nuclear fission, critical mass, [more…]

Nuclear Fusion: The Hope for Our Energy Future
Nuclear fusion is essentially the opposite of nuclear fission. In fission, a heavy nucleus is split into smaller nuclei. With fusion, lighter nuclei are fused into a heavier nucleus. [more…]

Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell
The energy of a nuclear bomb comes from inside the nucleus of the atom. Mass is converted into energy according to E = mc2. This energy is the binding energy of the nucleus, the glue that keeps the nucleus [more…]

The Nucleus: The Center of an Atom
The nucleus, that dense central core of the atom, contains both protons and neutrons. Electrons are outside the nucleus in energy levels. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons [more…]

Numbers from 1 to 10 in Portuguese
Counting from 1 to 10 is a basic skill in any language. How to say those numbers in Portuguese is what the following table shows you: [more…]

Numbers in Japanese
One of the most basic skills in picking up any new language, including Japanese, is learning to count. The following table shows Japanese numbers from 1 to 20 and select higher numbers along with the pronunciation [more…]

Officers of a Typical Freemason Lodge
Freemasonry is full of ritual, and for rituals you need people to be responsible for the various activities associated with the ritual and for the lodge in general. And what would any lodge be without [more…]

Omitting Articles in Spanish
In the Spanish language, articles are often useful to indicate a subject’s number and gender. However, in some cases, dropping Spanish articles is more efficient, which can make knowing when to leave them [more…]

Online Education For Dummies Cheat Sheet
The ups and downs of the global economy have sent more learners back to school to retool or add credentials to their resume, and online education allows learners to address their professional development [more…]

Open Questions in British Sign Language
Any question which requires information from the person you’re speaking to is an open question. In British Sign Language, each of these questions has its own sign, and we take you through them here. [more…]

Operating an ATM Using Spanish Instructions
Some ATMs are bilingual; they flash their signals in both Spanish and English. Others give you instructions only in Spanish. In case you happen upon a machine that displays its messages in Spanish, here [more…]

Order of Operations in Algebra
Solve algebra problems correctly by following the order of operations. When performing more than one operation on an algebraic expression, work out the operations and signs in the following order: [more…]

Ordering at a Restaurant in Spanish
When you’re eating out at a Spanish-speaking restaurant, knowing some basic Spanish vocabulary can make the ordering process a little easier. Placing your order basically consists of two parts: ordering [more…]

Ordering Up Ordinal Numbers in Spanish
Spanish speakers use ordinal numbers - those used to express numbers in a series - far less frequently than cardinal numbers, but ordinals still have some very important applications in everyday life. [more…]

Ordinal Numbers in Spanish: The Big Countdown
Ordinal numbers tell you order and sequence. In English, you say, first, second, third, and so on. In Spanish, the corresponding ordinal numbers are primero [more…]

Organizing the Knights Templar
Every organization has to have its hierarchy, but the Templars' was unique. The following list reveals some of their principal officers - these guys come into play in any discussion of the Templars in [more…]

Organizing Your Thoughts for the SAT Essay
Not even a half hour. All you get is 25 minutes. So when you turn to the essay, you should pick up your pen and begin to scribble furiously, right? Wrong. That advice goes against your innate [more…]

Ossification: Growing Bones
If it weren't for ossification, you'd be a soft mound of blood, water, and flesh. The process of creating and growing bones is complicated, interesting, and chock-full of vocabulary that you need to know [more…]

Outlining Your Ideas for Your Science Fair Project
Before you can tell them what you're going to tell them, you need to make an outline. When you actually begin to write the paper, your outline keeps you on track, so that you can present your information [more…]

The Parts of an LSAT Logic Game
Each problem in the Analytical Reasoning section of the LSAT, which most people refer to as Logic Games, contains three basic parts. Here’s the anatomy of a basic logic game: [more…]

Parts of Speech in English Grammar
Every time you write or speak, you use nouns, verbs, propositions, conjunctions, and other parts of the English language. Knowing how to use these parts of speech can help you speak more eloquently, write [more…]

Passing Part I of the GED
Part I of the Language Arts, Writing Test asks you to read and then revise and edit documents that may include how-to information and workplace material. This test isn't evil. Just because you haven't [more…]

Passing Your Naturalization Interview for U.S. Citizenship
No other part of the immigration process fills as many potential citizens with fear as the interview. They fret and worry about what kind of questions they'll be asked, how they'll be judged, and if they [more…]

The Patent Process
A patent is the most expensive and complex type of IP (intellectual property) right. Decide whether you can protect your IP with a copyright, trademark, or service mark, or by keeping it under wraps as [more…]

Patents, Copyrights & Trademarks For Dummies Cheat Sheet
You protect physical property with security systems and watchdogs, you protect your intellectual property with a patent, copyright, or trademark. To use these safeguards, you need to know the steps involved [more…]

The Path of Blood through the Human Body
When a heart contracts and forces blood into the blood vessels, there is a certain path that the blood follows through the body. The blood moves through pulmonary circulation and then continues on through [more…]

Paying the Bill at a Spanish-Speaking Restaurant
You’ve finished enjoying a meal at a Spanish or Latin American restaurant, and you’re ready for your check. Following is a typical conversation as restaurant patrons ask their server for the bill and pay [more…]

Paying with Credit Cards in Spanish Stores
Credit cards are a safe, clean way of handling your money in a Spanish-speaking country. Paying with your credit card has many advantages. You don’t have to carry cash, your expenses are registered in [more…]

Periodic Table of Elements
The periodic table of elements is a vital tool for understanding chemistry. The elements represented on the periodic table are grouped together by their properties - that way you don’t have to memorize [more…]

The Periodic Table: Families and Periods
In the periodic table of elements, there are seven horizontal rows of elements called periods. The vertical columns of elements are called groups, or families [more…]

The Periodic Table: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Using the periodic table, you can classify the elements in many ways. One useful way is by metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Most of the elements on the periodic table are classified as metals. [more…]

The Periodicity of Chemical Elements
A pattern of repeating order is called periodicity. In the mid-1800s, Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, noticed a repeating pattern of chemical properties in elements. [more…]

Philosophical Battles: Empiricism versus Rationalism
The history of philosophy has seen many warring camps fighting battles over some major issue or other. One of the major battles historically has been over the foundations of all our knowledge. What is [more…]

Philosophy For Dummies Cheat Sheet
What is life? Do rocks have souls? Philosophy is all about pondering life’s imponderables - and the ponderables as well. If you’re interested in philosophy [more…]

Philosophy Students’ Great Questions
The point of philosophy is to ponder the questions that life presents. Students of philosophy (and, perhaps, students of life) have raised and will continue to raise some of philosophy’s greatest questions [more…]

Physics -- Do the Wave
The easiest wave to visualize is a water wave. When you drop a pebble into a calm pool of water, ripples travel out from the point where the pebble entered the water. The disturbance travels out from the [more…]

Physics -- Drawing Electric Field Lines
The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge exerted on a small positive test charge placed at that point. The rules for drawing electric field lines for any static configuration of charges [more…]

Physics -- Good Vibrations
If you've spent even just a few Saturday mornings watching television cartoons, then you're probably familiar with the image of an opera singer whose loud, high notes causes glass to shatter. Is such a [more…]

Physics -- Newton's Laws of Motion
Sir Isaac Newton (a.k.a. "The Big Fig") learned a lot from his famous apple-on-the-head incident. If you're studying physics this year, you'll soon come to know his three laws of motion very well. [more…]

Physics -- Reflecting on Reflections
Diffuse reflection occurs when light reflects from a rough surface. The reflected rays are scattered in diffuse reflection. This scattering occurs because the local direction of the normal to the surface [more…]

Physics -- Sounds Too Cool To Be True?
Sound waves are produced by a vibrating body. The vibrating object moves in one direction and compresses the air directly in front of it. As the vibrating object moves in the opposite direction, the pressure [more…]

Physics Constants
Physics constants, like the mass of a proton or speed of light, are physical quantities with fixed numerical values. This list contains the most common physics constants: [more…]

Physics Constants
Physics constants are physical quantities with fixed numerical values, such as the speed of light and the mass of an electron. The following list contains the most common constants in phisics: [more…]

Physics: Emitting and Absorbing Light - Radiation
You get out of the shower soaking wet in the dead of winter, and you're toasty warm. Why? Because of a little physics, of course. In particular, the heat lamp you have in your bathroom. The heat lamp beams [more…]

Physics For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Physics uses equations and formulas to measure the physical world on a variety of levels from electricity to a variety of motions. You need those basic formulas to use physics. You also need to know how [more…]

Physics: Understanding Newton's First Law of Motion
Drum roll, please. Newton's laws explain what happens with forces and motion, and his first law states: "An object continues in a state of rest, or in a state of motion at a constant speed along a straight [more…]

Physics Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Avoid difficulties when working on physics by knowing the common issues that can cause trouble in physics problems, understanding physical constants, and grasping principal physics equations. [more…]

Picking Up Italian Quickly
You'll find many ways that you can pick up Italian from everyday situations. Here are a few tips: [more…]

Pitting Present Subjunctive against Present Perfect Subjunctive in Spanish
When you’re trying to wrap your head around Spanish grammar, the subtle distinctions among verb tenses can make deciding which tense to use tough. Distinguishing between the present subjunctive and the [more…]

Placing Lewis and Clark in History
One of the ways that the Lewis and Clark journey stands out among all the other explorations of the Americas is the over one million words that Lewis and Clark wrote in their journals. Clark was the most [more…]

Placing Proper Punctuation
Can you imagine what a sentence without any punctuation would be like? Without proper punctuation, it would be unreadable. Knowing when and how to use the period, comma, colon, semicolon, and other punctuation [more…]

Placing Spanish Object Pronouns Correctly
Adding object pronouns to your Spanish vocabulary can spice up your language skills in no time. A pronoun is basically a replacement word for a noun. This pronoun helps you avoid unnecessary, continuous [more…]

Planning Your Attack for Problem Solving Questions
Problem Solving is a rather ritzy name for "regular" math problems. A Problem Solving question, amazingly enough, actually expects you to solve a problem. This is different from the Quantitative Comparison [more…]

Planning Your LSAT Test-Taking Tactics
You'll have an easier time on test day if you consider some strategic matters beforehand. The following sections provide a few simple strategies to ease your test-taking venture. You can't [more…]

Plant Biology -- Ripening Seeds
Almost all seeds undergo some period of dormancy - if they did not, they would start to grow in the fruits on the mother plant and defeat their principal purposes: dispersal and survival of the germplasm [more…]

Plant Biology: Roots, Shoots, Stems, and Leaves
Your basic vascular plant parts are roots, shoots, stems, and leaves. Of course, there's a wealth of variety within these types or parts, but it boils down to those four. Each part has distinct functions [more…]

Poetry For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Poetry is the practice of creating works of art by using language. The study of poetry should include important works that display a bit of the history and evolution of poetry. Poems are written to be [more…]

Pointers for Guessing on the ASVAB
Guess wisely, and you can score some extra points on many of the ASVAB (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery) subtests. Guessing on the ASVAB doesn't count against you on any portion of the test. [more…]

Polar and Uncharged Amino Acids of Biochemistry
Except for glycine, the polar and uncharged (hydrophilic) amino acids can hydrogen bond to water and usually are more soluble than the nonpolar amino acids. The polar and uncharged amino acids studied [more…]

Polite Phrases in Japanese
The Japanese place a premium on politeness, so it follows that the Japanese language includes key phrases to keep conversation on a polite footing. The following list sets out common courteous phrases [more…]

Polyatomic Ions: Names and Symbols
Many ions are monoatomic, which means that they are composed of just one atom. However, ions can also be polyatomic, composed of a group of atoms.
For example, take a look at the following table. Notice [more…]

Pope John Paul II Brings the Vatican Online
In 1995, Sister Judith Zoebelein, a Franciscan Sister of the Eucharist, was asked to create a Web site for the Holy See. Archbishop Foley of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications had already [more…]

Pope John Paul II's Inspiration: The Bible
John Paul II, like the popes before him, quoted the scripture, but he was second only to St. Peter himself in quoting the Bible. St. Peter was inspired to write an epistle of the New Testament. John Paul [more…]

Popular Menu Items in Spanish and Latin Restaurants
When you’re eating in a Spanish restaurant or a Central or South American restaurant, you may find the menu a little intimidating. But these restaurants feature many tasty and exotic menu items that you [more…]

Portuguese Exclamations
To show excitement or appreciation for something, you speak in exclamations. Exclamations in Portuguese are much the same as in English, as the following list, which translates some common expressions [more…]

Portuguese For Dummies Cheat Sheet
If you want to be understood in Brazil or Portugal, knowing the basics of Portuguese is a necessity. Portuguese For Dummiesgives you lots of information on the language, including how to recite the Portuguese [more…]

Positioning Spanish Adverbs Properly
Adding adverbs to your Spanish vocabulary can bring precision to your sentences - but not if you don’t know where to position them. Spanish adverbs should be used only to describe a verb, another adverb [more…]

Positive and Negative Ions: Cations and Anions
Cations (positively-charged ions) and anions(negatively-charged ions) are formed when a metal loses electrons, and a nonmetal gains those electrons. The electrostatic attraction between the positives and [more…]

Practicing Psychology: Pinning Down Criminal Psychopaths
When you think of the perfect example of a criminal, a few images may come quickly to mind - the criminal mastermind plotting the ultimate crime, the callous armed robber putting a pistol in a bank teller's [more…]

Practising Greetings and Questions in English
When you’re learning English as a foreign language, practise these greetings and questions to sound like a British native in no time. Remember to tailor your greetings - whether formal or informal - depending [more…]

Practising Your ABCs
When you’re learning English as a foreign language, print out and keep this alphabet handy. We include a pronunciation guide to help you say the English letters correctly. [more…]

Pre-Calculus For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Pre-calculus bridges Algebra II and Calculus, itself. While working with it, you graph, you deal with angles and geometric shapes such as circles and triangles, you find absolute values. You discover new [more…]

Pre-Calculus Unit Circle
In pre-calculus, the unit circle is sort of like unit streets, it’s the very small circle on a graph that encompasses the 0,0 coordinates. It has a radius of 1, hence the unit. The figure here shows all [more…]

Preparing for Online Education
You should have a few basic technology skills before you enroll in any form of online education, whether it’s a single online course for fun or a fully online bachelor’s degree program. Make sure you know [more…]

Preparing to Pitch Your Screenplay to a Studio
Pitching a script is an art form, and although it can be stressful, it's something every writer has to perfect before approaching executives or agents. So what is pitching exactly? [more…]

Presenting Grammar in English Lessons
When you teach English as a foreign language, you can show what the grammar actually looks like when, for example, you manipulate verb tenses in different ways. Here are some examples: [more…]

Presenting the Present Perfect in Spanish
You use the present perfect verb tense in Spanish to express or describe actions that have happened recently and/or actions that still hold true in the present. The present perfect tense is one of seven [more…]

Princess Diana's Death: Accident or Conspiracy?
On August 31, 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales, died after a high-speed car accident in the Pont d'Alma tunnel in Paris. Princess Diana was traveling with Dodi Al-Fayed [more…]

The Process of Natural Radioactive Decay
Certain naturally occurring radioactive isotopes are unstable: Their nucleus breaks apart, undergoing nuclear decay. Sometimes the product of that nuclear decay is unstable itself and undergoes nuclear [more…]

Pronoun Tips for Proper English Grammar
The Beatles sang of “I, Me, Mine,” but understanding pronouns takes a little practice. Pronouns can be objective or subjective, and can show possession. You, me, him, her, them, us . . . everyone can speak [more…]

Pronouncing Consonants in Spanish
In general, consonants tend to sound the same in English and Spanish when they are spoken within a word. But you’ll find a few differences in how certain consonants are pronounced in Spanish. Sometimes [more…]

Pronouncing the Spanish Double Consonants ll and rr
Spanish has two double consonants, ll and rr. Each pair is considered a single letter, and each has a singular sound. Because these consonants are considered singular, they stick together when you separate [more…]

Pronouncing the Spanish Letter ñ
The consonant ñ gives the Spanish alphabet one more letter than the English alphabet. When you see a wiggly line - called a tilde(teel-deh) - on top of the letter [more…]

Proof Strategies in Geometry
Knowing how to write two-column geometry proofs provides a solid basis for working with theorems. Practicing these strategies will help you write geometry proofs easily in no time: [more…]

Proofreading for Common Errors
Proofreaders don't see things the way other people do. They scrutinize. When something is awry, their warning buzzers go off and they swoop down for a better look. They are charged with catching the errors [more…]

Properly Placing Spanish Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns are used in conjunction with reflexive verbs to express that an action is performed by a subject on itself. In order for a reflexive pronoun to make sense, you have to know how to place [more…]

The Properties of Chemical Substances
When chemists study chemical substances, they examine two types of properties: chemical properties and physical properties. Some physical properties are [more…]

The Protein Functions that Keep Your Body Running
Proteins run nearly every metabolic process in your body, and they are part of the structure of every cell in your body. Here are a few examples.
Outwardly, the protein keratin makes up the outer layers [more…]

Psychology For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Psychology is the study of mental states and behavior. You use psychology in your everyday life to help ease stress, aid someone in crisis, and tune in to a potentially suicidal friend. Psychology professionals [more…]

The Public Ceremonies of the Freemasons
Most of the ceremonies of the Masons go on inside the confines of the lodge, but you may have seen two special Masonic events in public. These public ceremonies are symbolic of beginning and ending: [more…]

Pueblo: Indian Villages
There was no single tribe called the Pueblo. The word Pueblo, Spanish for "village," is cultural and describes how some of the tribes in the Southwest lived. The Pueblos live mainly in Arizona, New Mexico [more…]

Putting Socrates on Trial
The Greek philosopher Socrates was a pretty amazing example of a person living the search for wisdom. He himself did not leave any writings. He did his philosophizing orally, in the company of other people [more…]

Qualifications of the Ideal Law School Applicant
If you’re considering going to law school, you know your reasons for applying, but you may not know what law schools look for in a candidate. For a law school admissions committee, the ideal applicant [more…]

Quantum Physics Workbook For Dummies Cheat Sheet
When solving quantum physics problems, you need to keep plenty of information in mind. This Cheat Sheet is all about giving you a framework from which to start. Here, you see the essentials for tackling [more…]

Question Words in Portuguese
Even if you’re not a reporter, you need to know how to say who, what, when, where, why, and how in Portuguese - and if you’re a tourist in Portugal or Brazil, knowing how to say [more…]

Questions that Philosophy Raises
The problems posed by the great philosophers can enhance your experience of the world. You've probably even asked yourself some of these philosophical questions without realizing that you're thinking like [more…]

Quick Poetry Quiz
Test your knowledge of poetry by taking this quick quiz. You can learn some cool facts about poets and their works - and impress your friends the next time you get together. [more…]

Quickly Understanding Spanish Adverbs
Adding adverbs to your Spanish vocabulary can help your audience better understand how or to what degree or intensity an action is being performed. Spanish has a few different ways to express adverbs: [more…]

Quoting Correctly
A quotation is a written repetition of someone else's words - just one word or a whole statement or passage. You see quotations in almost all writing: newspapers, magazines, novels, essays, letters, and [more…]

Radioactivity and Man-Made Radioactive Decay
Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of an unstable nucleus. An unstable nucleus may break apart into two or more other particles with the release of some energy. This breaking apart can occur in a number [more…]

The Rain in Spain: Talking about the Weather in Spanish
Break the proverbial ice by talking about the weather is as common in Spanish-speaking countries as it is everywhere else. Discussing the weather in Spanish means using the verb [more…]

Raising the Bar on Bar Graphs in Statistics
A bar graph, or bar chart, is perhaps the most common data display used by the media. Like a pie chart, a bar graph breaks categorical data down by group, showing how many are in each group. A bar graph [more…]

Reactants and Products in Chemical Reactions
In a chemical reaction, substances (elements and/or compounds) called reactants are changed into other substances (compounds and/or elements) called products [more…]

Reacting to the Reformation: The Council of Trent
Alessandro Farnese became Pope Paul III in 1534 and immediately came face-to-face with the Protestant Reformation. At first sight, Paul looked pretty much like his predecessors: born into a rich Roman [more…]

Reading Body Language
Reading body language is like reading a story. One word doesn’t tell the whole tale, and neither does one isolated gesture. In order to read body language successfully you need to consider at least three [more…]

Reading Comprehension Tips for the ASVAB
The Paragraph Comprehension part of the ASVAB (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery) tests how well you understand the contents of a few paragraphs. Generally, the paragraphs are pretty short and [more…]

Reading Tips to Improve Your Vocabulary
You can build your vocabulary using flash cards, word games, and plain, old, everyday reading. Whether you’re reading cereal boxes, the newspaper, Web articles, office memos, or research papers, use the [more…]

Real Estate Salespeople Perform Services with State License
Real estate brokers and real estate salespeople perform services based on license requirements that vary from state to state. Although you'll find some of the same activities taking place in real estate [more…]

Reciting the Spanish Alphabet
The Spanish and English alphabets are almost identical, with just a few exceptions. The Spanish alphabet includes all of the letters in the English alphabet but it adds [more…]

Recognizing Operational Symbols in Algebra
The basics of algebra involve symbols. Algebra uses symbols for quantities, operations, relations, or grouping. The symbols are shorthand and are much more efficient than writing out the words or meanings [more…]

Recognizing Relationship Symbols in Algebra
Algebraic relationship symbols show how numbers or terms of an equation relate to each other. The relationship symbols show if one value is larger, smaller, equal, or approximately equal to another value [more…]

Recognizing Spanish Possessive Pronouns
Dropping possessive pronouns into your Spanish sentences is a quick and easy way to stake a claim on something. Spanish possessive pronouns, which take the place of nouns, come in four forms: masculine [more…]

Recognizing Spanish Subject Pronouns
A subject pronoun takes the place of a subject noun in a sentence. Spanish subject pronouns aren’t used as frequently as in English because Spanish verb endings generally indicate the subject. However, [more…]

Recognizing the Impact of Statistics in Polls
A survey is an instrument that collects data through questions and answers and is used to gather information about the opinions, behaviors, demographics, lifestyles, and other reportable characteristics [more…]

Recognizing the Many Faces of Art Forgeries
Art forgeries come in three general categories. One is the straight copy. The straight copy is just that - the forger copies exactly an existing artwork without making changes. The second is called a [more…]

Recognizing the Roles of Organic Chemists
Chemists working within the field of organic chemistry specialize in particular areas of research. Their specializations illustrate the diversity of the field of organic chemistry and its connection to [more…]

Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction
Redox reactions - reactions in which there’s a simultaneous transfer of electrons from one chemical species to another - are really composed of two different reactions: [more…]

Reflecting on Two Past Perfect Tenses in Spanish
Spanish has two past perfect verb tenses: the pluperfectand the preterit perfect. These verb tenses use the imperfect and preterit conjugations of haber [more…]

Registering Computers, Cameras, and Other Electronics with Customs
If you're planning on doing some international travel, you may have to register your electronic equipment with Customs after you arrive. Registering computers and cameras may save you a hassle with Customs [more…]

Remembering What a Buck Could Buy in the 1960s
A dollar really went far in the 1960s - much farther than it does today. Before you get too nostalgic, remember that the median household income in 1967 was [more…]

Renting a Car in a Spanish-Speaking Country
One way to feel like a local when you’re visiting a Spanish-speaking country is to rent a car. In fact, renting a car is also a good way to practice your Spanish because you’ll be exposed to road signs [more…]

Renting or Leasing a Home in Spanish
If you need to rent a house or apartment in a Spanish-speaking location, you need to be able to talk about leasing terms and the type of housing you’re looking for. The following Spanish words and phrases [more…]

The Requirements to Join a Freemason Lodge
In order to become a Freemason, you need some basic qualifications (specific qualifications vary from one lodge to the next, but some general rules apply). But if you meet the Freemason criteria, you still [more…]

Retaining the Vocabulary You Learn from Spanish Word Games
Learning Spanish isn’t all about vocabulary, but learning vocabulary certainly doesn’t hurt. As you work through Spanish Word Games For Dummies, or any Spanish language course, use these tips to make sure [more…]

Revising the Code of Canon Law (1983)
For Roman Catholics, canon law is another term for Church or ecclesiastical law. The word canon comes from the Greek word kanon, which is a "measuring reed. [more…]

Rewriting and Editing Your Creative Writing Project
Rewriting and editing helps to tighten up your work. But it can be difficult - what to chop and when to stop may not be clear, and you may change your mind more than once during the process. Ask yourself [more…]

The Right Nutrition for the Human Body
The human body needs the proper nutrition - from the right proportion of foods in the various food groups - in order to run efficiently. If humans didn’t have such an evolved sense of taste, maybe they [more…]

Right Triangles and Trig Functions for Pre-Calculus
If you’re studying pre-calculus, you’re going to encounter triangles, and certainly the Pythagorean theorem. The theorem and how it applies to special right triangles are set out here: [more…]

Robert’s Rules For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Using Robert’s Rules makes your meetings run smoothly and helps make sure that you address all the necessary topics. The rules aren’t that complicated, but it does help to know the basic standard order [more…]

Robert's Rules: Getting Comfortable with Parliamentary Procedure
Parliamentary procedure refers to the practices used in meetings to keep things orderly and give everybody a fair chance to be heard for at least as long as it takes for everybody to realize that nothing [more…]

Robert's Rules: Interpreting Bylaws
Your bylaws belong to your group, and only your group can decide what they mean. Sure, a parliamentarian can help you understand the technical meaning of a phrase or a section here and there. But when [more…]

Robert's Rules: Participating in Meetings as a Member
Fundamental to effective meeting participation is knowing how to get the attention of your presiding officer so you can be recognized and permitted to speak. Just as important is understanding the way [more…]

Robert's Rules: Using an Agenda to Produce Better Meetings
It's 7 p.m. on Tuesday night. You're attending the regular monthly meeting of your neighborhood association. Your president, Prissy Gardner (who was elected because nobody else wanted the job), is ready [more…]

The Rococo Influence in British Art
Although the Rococo movement never got a foothold on British soil, English artists still felt its influence like a fresh breeze from across the English Channel. Without becoming flamboyant, a new, lighter [more…]

Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers to Elements
Oxidation numbers are bookkeeping numbers. They allow chemists to do things such as balance redox (reduction/oxidation) equations. Oxidation numbers are positive or negative numbers, but don’t confuse [more…]

Rules for Radicals - the Algebraic Kind
Working with radicals can be troublesome, but these equivalences keep algebraic radicals from running amok. Finding the root of product or quotient or a fractional exponent is simple with these formulas [more…]

Running Hot and Cold Following World War II
The years after World War II weren't peaceful. But they didn't erupt into World War III either (cross your fingers). For much of the time after World War II, the major world powers were preoccupied with [more…]

Running through the Human Digestive System
You know that the mouth is where you put your food, but did you realize it was part of your digestive system? Well, it is. The act of chewing (the technical term for it is [more…]

Rushing for Gold and Statehood in California
On the chilly morning of Jan. 24, 1848, a man looked down into a sawmill ditch off the American River, about 40 miles east of Sacramento, California, (or 120 miles east of Yerba Buena, which soon became [more…]

Russian Travel-Related Words and Phrases
Traveling in Russian-speaking countries can be confusing if you can't read the signs or understand the instructions you're given. Learning a few useful travel-related words and phrases in Russian before [more…]

Russian Vocabulary for Shopping
Develop a Russian shopping vocabulary to gain a new cultural experience when traveling. Whether you're shopping for clothes, food, or souvenirs, you can use the following phrases in any Russian speaking [more…]

Sailing through SAT-Day Morning
SAT-day isn't a good time to oversleep. Set the alarm clock and ask a reliable parent, guardian, or friend to verify that you've awakened on time. If you're not a morning person, you may need a few additional [more…]

SAT II Biology: Espresso for Cells -- ATP and Energy
The energy source for every cell on earth - from your SAT-busting brain cells to the dumbest bacteria - is a tiny molecule that you may have never heard of before: ATP. Every ATP molecule contains a small [more…]

SAT II Biology: Getting the Lowdown on Format and Content
The SAT II Biology test allows you to choose an emphasis. You can either take the exam with the "E" emphasis or the one with the "M" emphasis. Both tests start out with a core section of 60 questions that [more…]

SAT II Biology: Touring the Major Biomes
Surviving the SAT II means spending time getting familiar with ecology. Ecology covers the real lifestyles and interactions of all the different species on earth. About 23 percent of the E version of the [more…]

SAT II Biology: Understanding Origins of Life
The theory of evolution explains how organisms change over the generations and what guides that change. Using the theory of evolution, biologists can understand why living things have the characteristics [more…]

SAT II Math: Getting (RE)acquainted with Numbers
Like anything else in life, math builds on information you already know. While many of the things we need to know we really did learn in kindergarten, it's a safe bet that most of us were not taught quadratic [more…]

SAT II Math: Looking at Lines and Angles
Plane geometry is the study of lines and shapes in two dimensions. Imagine a tool that could prove that the Earth is round and that the planets move around the sun in predictable orbits. Those are some [more…]

SAT II Math: Sizing Up Central Tendency
The SAT II Math test is bound to have at least one or two questions related to probability and statistics. The science of statistics involves organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to reach [more…]

SAT II U.S. History: Discovering Early Explorers of the New World
About 4 percent of the questions you encounter on the SAT II U.S. History exam deal with the period before European colonization. The material for the exploration age is vast, and most students have trouble [more…]

SAT II U.S. History: Moving through the Progressive Era
About 40 percent of the SAT II U.S. History exam covers the period from 1899 to the present, of which the Progressive Era is a small, but important, subject. The majority of questions that deal with Progressivism [more…]

SAT II U.S. History: Taking a Look at Format and Content
The SAT II U.S. History exam usually contains about 90 questions that you have to answer in one hour. The questions tend to get harder as you move through the test [more…]

SAT II U.S. History: The Fight for Independence
About 20 percent of the SAT II U.S. History exam covers the period from 1763 to 1800. The majority of exam questions from this time period focus on political and economic history. Social, intellectual, [more…]

SAT Vocabulary: Putting New Words to Use in the Real World
Right now, you may not care about the real world. All you care about is getting through your SAT test. But given that you've been sweating and fretting your way through mastering a lot of new words, why [more…]

SAT Vocabulary: Studying Up on Suffixes
Are you the type of person who reads the last chapter of a book first? Do you want to know the ending of a movie before you go to see it? If so, suffixes [more…]

SAT Vocabulary: Using New Words in Context
You have a choice when trying to improve your SAT vocabulary: You can open up a dictionary and start memorizing words, or you can read some funny and (hopefully) interesting stories that help you remember [more…]

SAT Vocabulary: Words of Praise and Criticism
The words in this article express praise and criticism. These are words you're likely to use when you try to impress (or thoroughly depress) your date's parents or ace the biggest test of your life. [more…]

Sauces Used in Mexican Restaurants
Some people say that the sauces truly make Mexican dinners special. Choosing an entrŽe is much easier when you know what the Spanish names of the various sauces mean and how various sauces on a restaurant [more…]

Science Fair Project: Making Efficient Use of Solar Panels
All life on earth depends on the sun for heat, warmth, and energy. Solar panels allow people to capture the sun's rays to create electricity. But are solar panels operating at top efficiency? [more…]

Scrutinizing Naval Warfare during the Civil War: The Ironclad
In April 1861, after Fort Sumter, Union navy personnel hurriedly attempted to destroy its most important facility in Norfolk, Virginia, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the newly seceded state [more…]

Securing the Right to Vote for African Americans
Although the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott made Martin Luther King, Jr., a national figure, the deaths of four Birmingham girls in a 1963 church bombing, as well as countless others, had been tough [more…]

Seminole: The Unconquered People
The Seminole people are the descendants of many Southeastern tribes who joined together in Florida. The formation of this North American tribe occurred over many decades. There were several significant [more…]

Set Up a Graph with the TI-83 Plus Calculator
The purpose of having a TI-83 Plus graphing calculator is to help you graph, right? Peruse the basics of how to get the TI-83 Plus calculator into graphing mode, how to format the graph, and so on: [more…]

Setting Down the Spelling Rules
Some rules make life hard for your child. She wants to feel the soft grass under her toes, but the sign says to keep out, or she wants to bomb into the blue water, but the lifeguard warns her against any [more…]

Setting the Stage for the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Throughout history, foreign armies who happened to be in the neighborhood of Central Asia often stopped by Afghanistan for an invasion or two. The Greeks and Persians in ancient times and the Arabs and [more…]

Setting Up Simple Sentences in Italian
Becoming a fluent speaker of a foreign language takes a lot of work. Simply communicating or making yourself understood in a foreign language is much easier. Even if you know only a few words, you can [more…]

Seven Steps to Reading Nostradamus
The most natural mistake people make when reading Nostradamus's predictions is trying to take in everything he wrote all at once. He was a very deep guy with a lot to say, so don't try to get your PhD [more…]

Shakespeare For Dummies Cheat Sheet
These lists break down William Shakespeare's works by type and provide you a brief summary of each play. Also find terms commonly used in relation to Shakespeare's writing, covering styles of poetry, types [more…]

A Shakespeare Mini Glossary
These terms help when you're reading Shakespeare's works to keep track of different types and parts of plays, the poetry styles Shakespeare often employed, and stage direction. [more…]

Shakespeare’s Plays
This list breaks down Shakespeare's plays by type. You'll also get a brief summary of each play by Shakespeare, if you need help remembering what a specific play is about. [more…]

Shopping at a Spanish Market: Fruit and Vegetable Vocabulary
When you’re going shopping at a Spanish market for fresh fruits and vegetables, knowing the Spanish vocabulary for the foods you’re buying can make your shopping endeavors much easier. Following are the [more…]

Shopping for Quality Fabric in Spanish
In Spanish department stores, you may notice that poorer regions favor fabrics made with artificial fibers, and that the prices for these fabrics aren't any lower than those of natural fibers. The following [more…]

Shopping in French Stores
If you don't know where to start or even if you don't have the slightest idea of what you want to bring back, un grand magasin (ewn grahN mah-gah-zaN) [more…]

Shortcuts for Editing Text on Your TI-Nspire
You’re in luck if you work with computers because several of the editing shortcuts on the TI-Nspire are similar to those used on most computer applications. These TI-Nspire shortcuts help you edit text [more…]

Shortcuts for Managing Documents on Your TI-Nspire
A TI-Nspire file that holds problems and pages is a document. You can manage your TI-Nspire documents with these shortcuts or use them to access the Tool and Context menus: [more…]

Shortcuts for Navigating in Documents on Your TI-Nspire
These shortcuts for navigating in documents on your TI-Nspire help you move form problem to problem, page to page, and application to application (on the same page): [more…]

Should You Register to Vote?
Many of us - more than 50 million citizens in this country - are eligible to vote, but do not bother to register. Every citizen of the U. S. over the age of 18 is eligible to register and vote. [more…]

Showing Gay Pride
Gays and lesbians have had an unhappy history of persecution in Western society. At best, homosexuals were tolerated, as long as they didn't overtly show that they were gay. The 1960s witnessed an increased [more…]

Singular or Plural: Making Spanish Adjectives Agree
Spanish adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they describe so that they can accurately and precisely describe the noun or pronoun in question. What does “agree” mean exactly? When [more…]

Sizing Up the Area of a Polygon
Not only can polygons be classified by the number of sides they have and by their angles, but they can also be grouped according to some of their qualities. Polygons can have three personality characteristics [more…]

Slipping Between the Covers of a Technical Document
When you prepare a lengthy user manual, include all the information readers need and make the information easy to find. Following are guidelines for what to include. [more…]

Smaller Than Species: Subspecies, Races, and Breeds
Species isn't the final word on differences between living things. Variation exists among different populations of the same species. Subspecies, race, and [more…]

Snuggling Up to the Language of Poetry
At times, language seems spiritual, as insubstantial as breath on a winter's day. Everything seems slathered and permeated with language - it's how we think and how we see. Yet language is also a physical [more…]

Solar Activity: What's Going On Out There?
The term solar activity refers to all kinds of disturbances that take place on the sun from moment to moment and from one day to the next. All forms of solar activity, including the 11-year sunspot cycle [more…]

Solving an Algebraic Equation
An algebraic equation is an equation with at least one variable. Apply operations equally to both sides to modify an equation. For example, you can add 2 to both sides, subtract x from both sides or multiply [more…]

Solving Spanish Crossword and Fill-In Puzzles Like a Pro
Whether you’re solving in Spanish or English, the main difference between crossword and fill-in puzzles is that fill-ins don’t have numbers, and so you have to figure out on your own where the answers [more…]

Some Easy Limits to Memorize
Some limit problems are easy to solve. You should memorize the following limits, to avoid wasting a lot of time trying to figure them out. (Pay special attention to the last three limits.) [more…]

Some Questions to Ask as You Evaluate Online Schools
Many schools offer online education, but not all schools are created the same. To help you decide where to apply, these are questions you may want to ask as you investigate online programs and their staffs [more…]

Sounding Like a Real Russian with Proper Pronunciation
Compared to English pronunciation, which often has more exceptions than rules, Russian rules of pronunciation are fairly clear and consistent. [more…]

Sources of Free (or Almost Free) Legal Information
If you need legal advice but have financial concerns and cannot afford an attorney, look to these resources for free, or almost free, legal advice: [more…]

The Spanish Alphabet
Correct Spanish pronunciation begins with the Spanish alphabet. Although the letters look the same, they are pronounced differently in Spanish. Practice pronouncing the letters as you hear consonants and [more…]

Spanish Consonants
All but a handful of consonants sound the same in Spanish as they do in English. This video guides you through the consonants that are pronounced or used differently in Spanish. Practice pronouncing the [more…]
Spanish Expressions of Home and Hearth
A house is not always a home, but in Spanish, la casa (lah kah-sah) is the word that can describe both a house and a home. The Spanish word el hogar (ehl-oh- [more…]

Spanish Idioms that Use Tener
Although the Spanish verb tener literally means “to have,” in some very commonly used Spanish idiomatic expressions, tener means “to be” or may have another, unexpected meaning. Be careful, when writing [more…]

Spanish Introductions
Introducing yourself or someone else in Spanish requires more than "Hola. Me llamo . . ." Spanish has informal and formal greetings and introductions. This video tutorial lets you hear pronunciation and [more…]
Spanish Nouns That Don't Have Separate Gender Forms
There’s no escaping the importance of gender in Spanish nouns. Or is there? A select few Spanish nouns aren’t really affected by gender. These nouns keep the same spelling, regardless of gender - a fact [more…]

Spanish Nouns Whose Meanings Change by Gender
Gender plays an even more important role in Spanish nouns than you might think. The gender of some Spanish nouns can actually affect the words’ meanings. In the masculine form, a word in this category [more…]

Spanish Sports Terms
Fútbol (foot-bvohl), el béisbol (ehl bvehees-bvohl)(baseball), tennis, swimming, and cycling are all popular sports in Latin America. A little Spanish vocabulary can help you discuss these sports and games [more…]

Spanish Subject Pronouns
Pronouns are very helpful words you use so that you don’t have to keep saying a person’s name over and over. Remember that Spanish has different pronouns for someone you know well - the familiar form - [more…]

Spanish Verbs For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Spanish verbs are generally easier to deal with than English ones because regular Spanish verbs use consistent rules whether you’re forming simple tenses or moving into participles. To highlight the contrast [more…]

Spanish Vocabulary for Plants and Animals
Some basic Spanish vocabulary as it relates to plants and animals can help you communicate your experiences as you enjoy the great outdoors. First, however, it’s helpful to understand that there are two [more…]

Spanish Vocabulary for the Workplace
From San Francisco to San Salvador to San Juan, conversations about jobs, workplaces, and offices don’t differ much from one place to another. Here are some Spanish words and phrases that will help you [more…]

Spanish Vowels
In Spanish, vowels don't change the way they are pronounced based on the other letters around them. Every vowel has a single pronunciation nearly every time. This video guides you through those vowels [more…]

Spanish Word Games For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Solving word games and puzzles helps improve your Spanish language skills in a fun, effective way. You get even more out of the puzzles and Spanish vocabulary when you follow a few suggestions for solving [more…]

Speaking about Spanish Office Buildings
In larger Latin American cities, people often work in high-rise buildings and office towers, just like in New York or Chicago. In smaller cities or towns, the workplace may be built around an open-air [more…]

Speaking and Listening to Improve Your Spanish
Even if you want to learn Spanish only so that you can read and write it, speaking and listening in Spanish helps you absorb the language effectively and efficiently. But talking in Spanish can be intimidating [more…]

Speaking Arabic at Work and School
Speaking Arabic at work and school doesn't have to be complicated. Whether you're looking for a job in an Arabic-speaking country or just need to talk with your coworkers or classmates there, you'll need [more…]

Speaking Chinese at Work
Thanks to the global nature of many Chinese businesses today, speaking Chinese at work is quickly becoming a primary reason for people to learn Chinese. Whether you’re looking for a job in a Chinese-language [more…]

Speaking Formally in Portuguese
If you’re talking in Portuguese to an authority figure or you want to show respect to an elderly person, be sure to call him or her [more…]

Speaking French at Work
Speaking French at work and school doesn't have to be complicated. Whether you’re looking for a job in a French-speaking country or just need to talk with coworkers there, you'll need to know some key [more…]

Speaking French Like a Native
Mastering typical French expressions that almost everyone who speaks a little French knows and uses is a great way to start building your conversation skills. The phrases here go a few steps beyond those [more…]

Speaking German at Work
Speaking German at work and school doesn't have to be complicated. Whether you’re looking for a job in a German-speaking country or just need to talk with coworkers there, you'll need to know some key [more…]

Speaking Italian at Work
Speaking Italian at work doesn't have to be complicated. Whether you're looking for a job in an Italian-speaking country or just need to talk with coworkers there, you'll need to know some key words and [more…]

Speaking Japanese at Work
Thanks to the global nature of many Japanese businesses today, using Japanese at work is quickly becoming a primary reason for people to learn Japanese. Whether you're looking for a job in a Japanese-speaking [more…]

Speaking of Favorite Hebrew Expressions
Even outside Israel, Hebrew is an important part of Jewish life. Throughout history, the Jewish people have continued to hold onto the language of their native land. Today, although the majority of the [more…]

Speaking Out Against the Vietnam War
Because the scope of U.S. involvement in Vietnam was limited in the late 1950s and early '60s, public opposition was also limited. Yet with the 1964 presidential elections, a large-scale antiwar movement [more…]

Speaking Russian at Work
Thanks to the global nature of many Russian businesses today, speaking Russian at work is quickly becoming a primary reason for people to learn Russian. Whether you’re looking for a job in a Russian-speaking [more…]

Special Cases of Spanish Nouns and Gender
When it comes to Spanish nouns and their genders, there are exceptions to the standard “nouns that end in -o are masculine and nouns that end in -a are feminine” idea. They’re important to know so you [more…]

Special Menus on the TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator
The TI-83 Plus graphing calculator has all sorts of menus, from drawing to financial to probability. Explore these special menus on your TI-83 Plus calculator by checking out this list: [more…]

Speculating with the Present Perfect Subjunctive in Spanish
The present perfect subjunctive is a compound verb tense that describes actions that may have happened. For example, you may have studied Spanish if your high school had offered it. That [more…]

Spelling-Changing Spanish Verbs and Pronunciation
As a Spanish verb is conjugated, changes in its spelling may alter the way the word is pronounced, so additional spelling changes are necessary to ensure that the resulting pronunciation of the word matches [more…]

Spotting a Myth a Mile Away
A myth is a story. The Greek word mythos means "story." That's the basic concept. But, of course, not just any old story can be a myth. If you happen to be served a whole pig's head for dinner in Thailand [more…]

Spotting Good Architecture
Ancient Roman architect Vitruvius insisted that three fundamental principles are essential to architecture. His formula still holds true. A building must balance all three to be considered architecture [more…]

Spotting Scholarship Scams
Always be extremely wary of any unsolicited scholarship offers, especially the ones that you've never heard about before. Think about it. Unless you have perfect SAT scores, you lettered in varsity track [more…]

SPSS For Dummies Cheat Sheet
SPSS is an application that performs statistical analysis on data. Entering and manipulating information in the application can be done by using SPSS’s proprietary language, which is known as the Syntax [more…]

SPSS Syntax Language Comments
You can insert descriptive text, called a comment, into your program. This text doesn't do anything except help make things clear when you read (or somebody else reads) your code. You start a comment the [more…]

SPSS Syntax Language Logical Operators
Syntax offers conditional statements that are executed only if conditions are right. Usually those conditions are determined by evaluating the contents of a variable with a logical or relational operator [more…]

SPSS Syntax Language Predefined Variables
Most of the values used in Syntax are from the variables in the data set you currently have loaded and displayed in SPSS. You simply use your variable names in your program, and SPSS knows where to go [more…]

SPSS Syntax Language Statements
A single Syntax language instruction can be very simple, or it can be complex enough to serve as an entire program. A single instruction consists of a command followed by arguments to modify or expand [more…]

SPSS Syntax Language Variable Definitions
In Syntax, you can define several different characteristics for each of your variables. Here is the full collection of possibilities among SPSS Syntax language variables: [more…]

SSPS Syntax Language Relational Operators
Syntax offers conditional statements that are executed only if conditions are right. Usually those conditions are determined by evaluating the contents of a variable with a logical or relational operator [more…]

Standard Equations of Algebraic Conics
Conics are curved algebraic forms that come from slicing a cone with a plane. Use these equations to graph algebraic conics, such as circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas: [more…]

Standard Order of Business According to Robert’s Rules
An easy way to remember Robert’s Rules’ standard order of business is with the mnemonic 3R-SUN - which you can see in the following list. This list is a quick reference to make it easy for you to set up [more…]

Standard Portuguese Greetings
If you’re speaking Portuguese, knowing the right questions to ask goes a long way toward helping you make friends in Brazil and Portugal. The following list shows some common questions and greetings. [more…]

Starting at the Bottom in Geography: Inside Earth
It would be great if you could go deep into the Earth and see what's going on, but that's impossible - despite what Jules Verne wrote. The average distance from Earth's surface to the center is 3,960 miles [more…]

Statesmanship: When a Supreme Court Chief Justice Is More Than a Chief Justice
Justices of the Supreme Court are by definition both politicians and public servants. Chief justices share these characteristics but are also imbued with a special aura of authority. Their special position [more…]

Statistics Conundrums: Dealing with Survey Nonresponders
Nonresponders are always a problem when you're calculating the results of a survey. Before you can crunch the numbers in all the surveys you get back, you have to decide what to do about the surveys you [more…]

Statistics II For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Statistics II elaborates on Statistics I and moves into new territories, including multiple regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square tests, nonparametric procedures, and other key topics. Knowing [more…]

Statistics: More than Just Numbers
Most statisticians don't want statistics to be thought of as "just statistics." While the rest of the world views them as such, statisticians don't think of themselves as number crunchers; more often, [more…]

Staying at a Japanese Hotel
Choosing the right hoteru (hoh-teh-roo; hotel) can make any trip you take more enjoyable. Each day of your adventure starts and ends at the hotel.
In the morning, a good hotel offers you a refreshing breakfast [more…]

Staying Safe during Your Online Education
Stories abound about the dangers of the Internet, but a few simple measures can go a long way toward ensuring that your online education experience is safe and worry-free. Follow these guidelines: [more…]

Staying Safe While Studying Abroad
The first step to staying safe is becoming familiar with the area in which you live and go to school. Ask other students, campus security, your program director, or the International Student Office for [more…]

Stem Cell Research for Patient Treatment Plans
Stem cell scientists use stem cells to understand normal cell physiology, cell function, and development, as well as the mechanisms and progression of various diseases. Scientists hope to use this valuable [more…]

Stem Cells For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Scientists use various types of stem cells in the lab to gain a better understanding of how normal human development works and to look for new methods of treating a wide range of devastating human ailments [more…]

Sticky Chemistry: Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces (forces between chemical species) are important in biochemistry. Among other things, intermolecular forces are important to hydrophilic [more…]

Storage Forms of Glucose in Organisms
When carbohydrates from the foods you consume are digested, glucose is the smallest molecule into which a carbohydrate is broken down. Glucose molecules are absorbed from intestinal cells into the bloodstream [more…]

Strategizing for Victory in Vietnam . . . Or at Least a Stalemate
When violence erupted in South Vietnam in the mid-1950s, the government under Ngo Dinh Diem initially faced an internal threat from VC guerrilla forces. [more…]

Stressing the Right Syllable in Spanish Words
In Spanish, one syllable is stressed in every word. Stress is the emphasis that you put on a syllable as you speak it. One syllable always gets more emphasis than the others. With single-syllable words [more…]

String Theory Features
String theory is a work in progress, so trying to pin down exactly what the science is, or what its fundamental elements are, can be kind of tricky. The key string theory features include: [more…]

String Theory For Dummies Cheat Sheet
String theory, often called the “theory of everything,” is a relatively young science that includes such unusual concepts as superstrings, branes, and extra dimensions. Scientists are hopeful that string [more…]

The Structure of Your Novel Checklist
The structure is the backbone of a book: beneath the surface, it holds everything together and imposes order on the flow. Without a coherent and logical structure, the novel’s key elements are unclear. [more…]

Subatomic Particles: So That's What's in an Atom
The atom is the smallest part of matter that represents a particular element. For quite a while, the atom was thought to be the smallest part of matter that could exist. But in the latter part of the 19th [more…]

Submission Strategies for Getting Your Book Published
What's your plan when it's time to submit your manuscript to publishers for consideration? Your submission contains great writing - of course. Getting your book published, however, requires a strategy [more…]

Submitting Your Work of Fiction
The selling of fiction is different from nonfiction, requiring different submission materials. The good news is a fiction submission is much easier to prepare than a nonfiction proposal because in order [more…]

Suicide Warning Signs
Recognizing the warning signs of suicide doesn’t take a degree in psychology. That’s not to say that some signs aren’t subtle or that every person who thinks about suicide shows all the signs. But, if [more…]

Summarizing Categorical Data in Statistics
Categorical data capture qualities or characteristics about the individual, such as a person's eye color, gender, political party, or opinion on some issue [more…]

Superpartners in String Theory
String theory’s concept of supersymmetry is a fancy way of saying that each particle has a related particle called a superpartner. Keeping track of the names of these superpartners can be tricky, so here [more…]

Supreme Court Case Study: Bush v. Gore
Perhaps no event better illustrates the power of the United States Supreme Court than the resolution of the 2000 presidential election. Just when you thought the separation of powers issue had been settled [more…]

Surveying Sticky Sounds in Russian
Some Russian letters and sounds are hard for speakers of English. Take a look at a few of them and find out how to pronounce them. [more…]

Surviving the Black Death
Europeans in the fourteenth century were looking at the world in a new way, seeing far-off places as desirable, worth finding out about, maybe worth acquiring. Yet before Europeans really got out and started [more…]

Tackling a Case of Nerves: Relaxation Techniques for Taking the GMAT
You may feel a little nervous on the day of the GMAT exam, but don't worry about it, because a little nervous adrenaline can actually keep you alert. Just don't let anxiety ruin your performance. [more…]

Taking a Quick Look at the Types of LSAT Questions
The LSAT has three different kinds of multiple-choice questions. Each type has its virtues and vices, and you will come to know and love them all. [more…]

Taking a Shine to Nebulae
A nebula is a cloud of gas and dust in space ("dust" meaning microscopic solid particles, which may be made of silicate rock, carbon, ice, or various combinations of those substances; [more…]

Taking Command in Spanish with the Imperative Mood
Sometimes you just can’t help but order people around by giving a command. You use the imperativemood when you tell a Spanish waiter to bring you water, ask a dinner guest to please pass the salt, or order [more…]

Taking the Leap into Homeschooling
So you're thinking about leaping into homeschooling. The excitement of a new life decision always brings some jitters with it. Although the idea of homeschooling intrigues you, a few questions may still [more…]

Taking the Zen Approach to LSAT Analytical Reasoning Problems
Remember the Zen approach - live in the present. Each section contains four Analytical Reasoning problems. Make each problem the sole focus of your being for the time it takes you to work it. Don't think [more…]

Taking Your First Look at Blackboard
What you will love about Blackboard may also be the source of some frustration, much like in other Web-based applications you may be using. Remember that you're working on the Web, and keep in mind the [more…]

Talking about a Spanish Circus
A traveling show or circus passing through a Spanish town is a special event. If you’re going to the circus, consider the following dialog to get some tips on having a Spanish conversation about the event [more…]

Talking about a Specific Time in Spanish
In Spanish, when you want to discuss when a particular event will occur, you can use a common Spanish phrase - ¿A qué hora . . . ? (At what time . . .?) [more…]

Talking About Time in Sign Language
Half the fun of going to movies, plays, and museums lies in setting up a date and anticipating the treat. This article helps you make your plans by showing you how to sign not only what time you want to [more…]

Talking on the Phone in Spanish
Talking on the phone in a Spanish-speaking country isn’t much different from talking on the phone in the United States. However, the word you use for “hello” on the phone may be different depending on [more…]

Teaching Kids to Spell: Sight Words
You and your child can have fun spelling sight words, which are words like they and were that you child writes all the time. Put them on slips of paper or use commercial flashcards and then use them in [more…]

TEFL For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Teaching English as a foreign language is an exciting and challenging experience - whether you're instructing students based in the UK or elsewhere. Here you will find words of wisdom on everything from [more…]

Telling Time in Spanish
Regardless of which Spanish-speaking country you’re in, a conversation about time usually starts with ¿Qué hora es? (What time is it?) Here’s how you can tell someone what time it is in Spanish: [more…]

Ten Favorite Japanese Expressions
Life is full of ki-do-ai-raku (kee-doh-ah-ee-rah-koo; delight-anger-sorrow-fun), and some phrases slip out of our mouths repeatedly in response to different daily situations. Master these common Japanese [more…]

Ten Things Never to Do in China
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Ten Things Never to Say or Do in Russia
Sometimes, knowing what NOT to do is even more important if you want to fit in or at least produce a good impression. Read on to find out about ten Russian social taboos. [more…]

Tending to Word Roots
A root is the basic element of a word, and it is the foundation on which the meaning of a word is built. Many roots are real words in their own right: [more…]

Test-Taking Tips for the ASVAB
Preparation and diligence will ease your ASVAB nerves. Whether you're taking the paper- or computer-based ASVAB (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery), you can benefit by keeping these points in [more…]

Things to Do and Avoid on the ACT Science Reasoning Test
Science schmience! Science may be no big deal until you get to the Science Reasoning section of the ACT. As you analyze the data presented in this section of this college entrance exam, keep the following [more…]

Thinking Logically: Deduction and Induction
Because deduction rhymes with reduction, you can easily remember that in deduction, you start with a set of possibilities and reduce it until a smaller subset remains. [more…]

Thinking Smart: Understanding Intelligence
Psychologists have been trying to figure out what intelligence is for a long time. Plenty of examples of a lack of intelligence exist. Just take a look at those goofy home-video shows, with scenes with [more…]

Thomas Jefferson and the Mediterranean Pirates
In 1800, Thomas Jefferson was elected president of the United States. As a Democratic-Republican, he was deeply suspicious of a regular military establishment. He worried that professional officers might [more…]

The Three Masonic Degrees
Masonic ritual is designed around the symbolic story of the building of a great, spiritual temple, as represented by the Temple of Solomon. The three Masonic degrees are designed to represent three stages [more…]

TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator For Dummies Cheat Sheet
The TI-83 Plus graphing calculator is designed to make graphing easy. The buttons on the TI-83 Plus calculator help you set up a graph, give you access to math constants, and zoom in on different aspects [more…]

TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator: Math Functions and Constants
You have a TI-83 Plus graphing calculator because you need to do math functions. The TI-83 Plus calculator helps you out by coming with pre-set buttons for constants, such as ð [more…]

TI-Nspire Application-Specific Shortcuts
When you’re working in one of the TI-Nspire applications, like Graphs and Geometry, Notes, or List, and Spreadsheets, use these handy application-specific shortcuts to improve your TI-Nspire know-how: [more…]

TI-Nspire For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Working on your TI-Nspire is easier and quicker if you use shortcuts for: editing text, specific applications, inserting characters and symbols, managing and navigating documents, and wizard and templates [more…]

TI-Nspire Wizards and Templates Shortcuts
If you’re working with templates (like the integral template or derivative template) or want to arrange matrices, use these shortcuts on your TI-Nspire to save time: [more…]

Ticket to Ride: Buying a Train Ticket in Spanish
If you’re going to ride the train in a Spanish-speaking country, you have to buy a train ticket first. To order your train ticket in Spanish, follow these easy steps: [more…]

A Timeline of U.S. Military History
U.S. military history closely follows the history of the country in general, starting with the Revolutionary War that was the military father of the county. The timeline here shows the significant military [more…]

A Timeline of World Civilizations for Mythology
Mythology seeks to explain the world and thus reflects the culture, events, and history of the societies that create the stories handed down as myths. Egypt’s Nile River and its cycle of overflowing its [more…]

A Timeline of World History
The history of the world isn’t easily condensed, but the timeline here does a good job of hitting the high notes and most significant events of roughly 4,000 years from the beginnings of Hinduism to the [more…]

Tips and Tricks for GMAT Critical Reasoning Questions
The critical reasoning questions on the GMAT are all about using logic. To maximize your potential on the critical reasoning questions in the verbal section of the GMAT, use these helpful techniques: [more…]

Tips for Acing the ACT Exam
You’re a high school senior, taking all kinds of tests in your quest to get into college. The ACT is widely accepted and sometimes required for entrance to some universities, so make use of the following [more…]

Tips for Editing Your Children’s Book
At some point after you have a solid draft of the children’s book you’re writing, you must begin the editing process. Here’s a quick overview of the salient points to keep in mind: [more…]

Tips for Finding Summer Jobs during Law School
It seems that every aspect of law school is fraught with competition and consequence - including the summer jobs you work. Summer job-search strategies that work for law students include: [more…]

Tips for Mastering the Analytical Writing Section of the GRE
When you sit down to begin the Analytical Writing section of the GRE (Graduate Record Examination), you must argue your perspective on an issue presented in the test and to analyze an argument as well. [more…]

Tips for Mastering the Math Section of the GRE
Success on the GRE (Graduate Record Examination) Math section has a great deal to do with applying logic and common sense. Following are some tips for how to do your best on this section of the test: [more…]

Tips for Mastering the Verbal Section of the GRE
Unless you’re an English geek, the GRE (Graduate Record Examination) Verbal section probably intimidates you more than any other. But you can master the GRE Verbal questions using the following tips and [more…]

Tips for Taking the Computerized GRE
In the age of electronics, even the GRE (Graduate Record Examination) is computerized, and the electronic version presents questions based on your previous answers. Don’t be intimidated, though; taking [more…]

Tips for the GMAT Reading Comprehension Questions
On the GMAT, reading comprehension questions are designed to test your understanding of unfamiliar reading material. So, follow these suggestions when answering the reading comprehension questions in the [more…]

Tips for Writing Books for Younger Children
The rules for writing books for younger children (ages 2–8) are different from the rules for writing books for middle graders, young adults, and adults. Keep the following twelve commandments in mind when [more…]

Tornadoes: Really Twisted Winds
Tornadoes are nature's most violent storms. Nothing that the atmosphere can dish out is more destructive. They can sweep up anything that moves. They lift buildings from their foundations. They make a [more…]

Tracing Jane Austen's Popularity
Austen is now so popular that even non-novel readers recognize the name from seeing it in various, unexpected places like tea mugs and dating guides. Her immediate Regency siblings and her future Victorian [more…]

Tracing the Rise of Manga's Popularity
Although manga (pronounced MAHN-gah or MANG-ah) may seem like a fairly new art form, humorous and satirical illustrations trace back to 12th-century Japan. Although now understood to mean [more…]

Tracking the "Noble Savage": Paul Gauguin
The bright colors and shocking contrasts of Paul Gauguin's paintings have amazed and perplexed artists and art lovers for over a century, and the story behind Gauguin's life and style is as interesting [more…]

Traditional Forms of Poetry: Tankas and Haiku
The Japanese tanka is a verse form from classical Japanese poetry. Even older than its better-known poetic cousin the haiku, the tanka is a quiet, meditative form that focuses on the natural world and [more…]

Transportation Within and Between Cells
Within and around cells, materials are constantly being shipped one way or another across membranes. At any given moment, a particular substance may exist in higher or lower concentrations on one side [more…]

Trapping Particles in Square Well Potentials: Wave Functions
One of the most fundamental problems of quantum physics deals with particles trapped on a submicroscopic level in a square well. The square well is always a favorite problem in quantum mechanics classes [more…]

Traveling by Train: Passports and Customs Forms in Spanish
Having a Spanish-speaking train employee check your passport and Customs form can be confusing, but the following steps give you the Spanish you need to chug through the passport and Customs-form process [more…]

Traveling through Customs Painlessly
Traveling to a Spanish-speaking country usually requires a trip through Customs. Customs rules and regulations can be scary (especially when you’re dealing with an unfamiliar language), but following these [more…]

Traversing the Course Control Panel in Blackboard
In your Blackboard course, you have access to the Control Panel - and your learners don't. You therefore have the power to add, modify, copy, and remove content; turn course tools on or off; and decide [more…]

Triangle Terminology for Geometry
Triangles are at least a third of geometry (tri = three . . . a little geometry humor). But, seriously, the sides and angles of triangles may have all sorts of relationships to each other, and the following [more…]

Tricks for the GMAT Analytical Writing Assessment
During the GMAT, you’re required to type two original analytical writing samples. To make the most of your analytical essays on the GMAT, follow these recommendations: [more…]

Tricky Portuguese Pronunciations
Some common words in Portuguese are tricky for non-native speakers to pronounce. The following list contains a few of them and their correct pronunciations so you can speak them like a pro. [more…]

Tricky Situations: Spanish Adjectives versus Spanish Adverbs
The question of when to use certain Spanish adjectives and Spanish adverbs can lead to some tricky situations. So just how can you know when to use an adverb versus an adjective? By knowing what to watch [more…]

Trig Identities for Pre-Calculus
Of course you use trigonometry, commonly called trig, in pre-calculus. And you use trig identities as constants throughout an equation to help you simply problems. The always-true, never-changing trig [more…]

True Conspiracy: The Ford Pinto Memorandum
The Pinto automobile was marketed by Ford from 1971 to 1980 to try to feed the new American appetite for smaller cars. With its dinkster four-cylinder engine, the Pinto was battling the Volkswagon Beetle [more…]

The Truth about Fats and Lipids
You need fats - technically called lipids - to survive, in addition to other large molecules including carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. Yet, many people avoid fats in their diet. [more…]

Trying to Make Sense of the English Language
For many reasons (most of them too ugly to go into here), English is a pretty tough language to learn. If you're a native speaker of English, you're probably familiar with the idiosyncrasies that make [more…]

Trying to Measure the Speed of Light
James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism tells us that light is an electromagnetic wave traveling at 300,000 kilometers per second (kps). Maxwell's equations tell us that changing electric and [more…]

Tuning Into the Market for Romance Novels
Many aspiring writers sit down to tell a story without a clear idea about what kind of story they're writing, whether (and where) a market exists for it, or what they'll do with the manuscript when they're [more…]

Two Types of LSAT Analytical Reasoning Questions
Logic game questions in the Analytical Reasoning section of the LSAT typically fall into two categories. The questions may ask you something about a logic game as it was initially presented, or the questions [more…]

Types of Psychology Professionals
The field of psychology boasts several types of professionals with varying training and areas of expertise. The following table shows the types of professionals in the mental health field, their qualifications [more…]

The U.S. Constitution and the Establishment of Government
The U.S. Constitution, as adopted by the Philadelphia Convention on September 17, 1787, sets out three distinct branches of national government and provides powers to each that serve as a check on the [more…]

U.S. Constitution For Dummies Cheat Sheet
The U.S. Constitution was written and signed by men who craved independence from Britain but who were nonetheless steeped in its history and ideals. The U.S. Constitution starts with some basic precepts [more…]

The U.S. Constitution’s First Ten Amendments: The Bill of Rights
Some of the signers of the U.S. Constitution felt the need to spell out the rights of individual citizens in contrast to the establishment of the powers of the federal government enumerated in the Constitution [more…]

U.S. History For Dummies Cheat Sheet
U.S. history is as complex and fascinating as the people who populate the country. A timeline of significant events in the life of the United States of America starts with hunters crossing the Bering Strait [more…]

U.S. Military History For Dummies Cheat Sheet
U.S. military history closely echoes the history of the country in general. From the military engagements that helped throw off the yoke of British rule, through two world wars that each changed military [more…]

Understanding Absolute Value and Negation
The positive value of a number is its absolute value. It tells you the distance of a number from zero on the number line. Placing bars (| |) around a number or expression gives you its absolute value: [more…]

Understanding Algebraic Variables
In algebra, variables are placeholder letters (capitalized and lowercase) that represent the unknown, or what you're solving for. This video shows you what variables can look like and what they mean. Understanding [more…]
Understanding Basic Algebra Vocabulary
Knowing basic algebra vocabulary can help you translate key algebra words into algebra problems. By knowing the definitions of algebra vocabulary in this list, you will be able to construct and solve algebra [more…]

Understanding Basic Portuguese Grammar
Grammar. Remember that word from high school? Figuring out how to categorize types of words and understanding where they go in a sentence is like putting together a puzzle. And here's some good news: Portuguese [more…]

Understanding Cells: The Basic Units of Life
Cells make up the smallest level of a living organism such as yourself and other living things. The cellular level of an organism is where the metabolic processes occur that keep the organism alive. That [more…]

Understanding Congressional Relationships
As part of a balanced, three-branch system, with the American people serving as the big boss who hires them and can fire them at election time, Congress has to maintain working relationships with various [more…]

Understanding Diction and Tone in Literature
"Dearest reader, I humbly entreat you to eschew the latest celebrity tittle-tattle and instead devote your attention to diction and tone." Does that request sound funny to you? Maybe this sounds a bit [more…]

Understanding Elected Offices
Elected officials come in three levels: federal, state, and local. You have a role in determining who gets elected to all three. You can think of these officials as three tiers of a wedding cake: As you [more…]

Understanding Freedom of Expression
Freedom of expression, as Justice Felix Frankfurter said, "is the well-spring of our civilization." Like other rights guaranteed by the First Amendment, free expression has two branches - freedom of speech [more…]

Understanding French Articles and How They Indicate Gender and Number
Articles are small words that you use only with nouns. They both present a noun and indicate the gender and number of a noun. French has definite, indefinite, [more…]

Understanding How Animals Breathe
Breathing is the physical action of taking air in to the system and releasing gaseous waste. Respiration is the entire process of taking air in to the system, exchanging needed gases for unnecessary gases [more…]

Understanding Latin Legalese
Most lawyers love to throw around Latin phrases. The reason for this is that ancient Rome's legal system has had a strong influence on the legal systems of most western countries. After all, at one time [more…]

Understanding Ozone Depletion
The ozone layer absorbs almost 99 percent of the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the earth from the sun. It protects us from the effects of too much ultraviolet radiation, including sunburns, skin cancers [more…]

Understanding Point of View in Literature
Literature provides a lens through which readers look at the world. Point of view is the way the author allows you to "see" and "hear" what's going on. Skillful authors can fix their readers' attention [more…]

Understanding the Disputed Areas of the Middle East
Disputed areas may be the greatest threat to stability in the Middle East and the world. Disputed areas are, well . . . disputed because, in order to secure peace in the here and now, warring parties decided [more…]

Understanding the Id, Ego, and Superego in Psychology
Sigmund Freud would have been a great Hollywood screenwriter. His "story" of personality is one of desire, power, control, and freedom. The plot is complex and the characters compete. Our personalities [more…]

Understanding the Interaction between Nouns and Adjectives in Arabic
Nouns and adjectives go hand in hand, and in Arabic you can manipulate nouns and adjectives to create little phrases. Unlike in the English language, nouns in Arabic always come before the adjective. [more…]

Understanding the Origin of the Greek Gods
The most complete version of the Greek creation myths that survives is a poem called the Theogony ("Birth of the Gods") by a poet named Hesiod, who lived in the late eighth or early seventh century B.C [more…]

Understanding the Players in the Publishing Game
The core members of any publishing acquisition team are made up of two very different types: The creative, editorial types and the more financially driven sales and marketing types. Generally speaking, [more…]

Understanding the Present Tense of Spanish Verbs
Most Spanish verbs are predictable, especially in the present tense, which makes them fairly easy to master. The regular Spanish verbs come in three flavors - [more…]

Understanding the Psychology of Self-Consciousness
Have you ever seen a dog stand in front of a mirror? Sometimes they bark at themselves or stand there with a puzzled look. Believe it or not, the ability to recognize oneself in the mirror is pretty advanced [more…]

Understanding the Role of Polls in Politics
Most campaigns for high-profile offices employ professional pollsters. Many of the prominent polling firms that specialize in political campaigns are located in Washington, D.C., and New York City, but [more…]

Understanding the Subject of a Poem
The subject of a poem is the idea or thing that the poem concerns or represents. Looking for the poem's subject is natural. Almost all poetry has messages to deliver - lots of them, profound and diverse [more…]

Understanding the Tone of a Poem
The tone of a poem is the attitude you feel in it - the writer's attitude toward the subject or audience. The tone in a poem of praise is approval. In a satire, you feel irony. In an antiwar poem, you [more…]

Understanding the Transmission of Nerve Impulses
Nerve impulses have a domino effect. Each neuron receives an impulse and must pass it on to the next neuron and make sure the correct impulse continues on its path. Through a chain of chemical events, [more…]

Understanding the Treatment of Jews during World War II
As early as 1933, the Nazis had been sending people to concentration camps. Initially, these camps were located in Germany (like Dachau and Bergen-Belsen) and were used for [more…]

Understanding the Vocabulary of Algebra
Equations, operations, variables, constants . . . . Knowing the symbols and expressions used in algebra makes understanding algebra easier. This video explains some of the common phrases and symbols you'll [more…]
Understanding the Weather's Water Cycle
Precipitation, the liquid and solid water particles that fall from the sky, is part of a large and truly amazing cycle of water. It passes from the bottoms of the seas to the tops of the mountains, from [more…]

Understanding Tolkien as a Linguist
Dictionaries define a linguist as a person who is accomplished in languages, especially someone who speaks several languages. By this definition, Tolkien was a consummate linguist, having learned more [more…]

Understanding When to Use the Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive
Because Spanish uses the pluperfect subjunctive more than English does, you may wonder just when you’re supposed to use it instead of other verb tenses. Keep reading for an explanation of when to use the [more…]

Understanding Your Audience: The College Admissions Officers
They're overworked. They're underpaid. Fairly often they're also bored. After all, how many hours are you willing to stare at test scores and course lists? How many pages of student writing would [more…]

Unlocking the Secrets of Symbolism in Nostradamus's Writings
People around the world have always searched for signs and omens that tell what the future brings, and they've looked just about everywhere. Since 1555 or so, people have looked to Nostradamus's writings [more…]

The Unusual Properties of Water Molecules
Water molecules have unusual chemical and physical properties. Water can exist in all three states of matter at the same time: liquid, gas, and solid.
Imagine that you’re sitting in your hot tub [more…]

Useful Acronyms for Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks
The world of patents, copyrights, and trademarks has its share of acronyms, just like any other field. Although when you see IP, you may think “Internet protocol,” in the intellectual property realm, IP [more…]

Useful Conversions and Metric Prefixes for Studying Chemistry
Studying chemistry often requires you to make measurement conversions. If you know metric equivalents and prefixes, then converting numbers is easier. Make your chemistry studies less painful with these [more…]

Useful Questions in French
If you’re in a French speaking country and you’re hungry, lost, trying to buy something, or just need to know the time, these French phrases will help, so practice their pronunciation: [more…]

Useful Spanish Words and Phrases for Airport Travel
Navigating an airport in Spanish is a lot easier when you know some of the common Spanish words and phrases you may encounter. International airport travel will be a breeze after you master these words [more…]

Useful Spanish Words and Phrases for Train Travel
Worried you’ll miss your train because you don’t know the right Spanish travel phrases? Train travel in a Spanish-speaking country is easy with these handy words and phrases. [more…]

Ushering in Racial Freedom in the U.S.
While the civil rights movement began in the 1950s, it reached full steam in the 1960s, marked by several new tactics that proved effective in breaking down discrimination. [more…]

Using Algebra to Find the Sums of Sequences
Algebra can help you add a series of numbers (the sum of sequences) more quickly than you would be able to with straight addition. Adding integers, squares, cubes, and terms in an arithmetic or geometric [more…]

Using Apostrophes to Show Possession
Apostrophes are those little curved marks you see hanging from certain letters. They look harmless enough, so why do even well educated people throw them where they don't belong and leave them out where [more…]

Using Basic Math for Tipping
These basic tipping rules apply to meals in the $20 to $100 price range, which covers almost 90 percent of restaurant meals for two in the U.S. Apply these simple math rules to your check total: [more…]

Using Dónde and Estar to Ask for Directions in Spanish
The Spanish verb estar(ehs-tahr), which means to be (in a temporary state), has a special relationship with the question ¿dónde?(dohn-deh), which asks where. This relationship exists because looking for [more…]

Using Demonstrative Adjectives in Spanish Sentences
Dropping demonstrative adjectives into your Spanish vocabulary will help you express exactly what or whom you’re seeking. But first, you need to understand what demonstrative adjectives stand for and how [more…]

Using Em Dashes and En Dashes Properly
Although they are each a simple horizontal line, hyphens and the various dashes have their own appearances and specific uses. The shortest and most common is the hyphen, which is used for clarifying open [more…]

Using Everyday Math in Everyday Life
Whether you’re dealing with your everyday finances, or getting together for a neighborhood card game, you need to know basic math to help you simplify and stay on top of your money matters. [more…]

Using Exponents to Simplify Equations
An exponent is a small, superscripted number written above and to the right of a larger number, the base - this tells you how many times you multiply the base by itself. This repeated multiplication is [more…]

Using Probability When Hitting the Slot Machines
Remember the movie National Lampoon's Vegas Vacation, when gambling fever consumes Chevy Chase's character, Clark W. Griswold? He goes on a losing streak to beat all losing streaks while his son, Rusty [more…]

Using Reflexive Spanish Verbs
Some Spanish verbs are reflexive, meaning they reflect the action back onto the doer. These reflexive verbs require a reflexive pronoun to indicate that the subject is also the direct object. Whenever [more…]

Using Spanish Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect object pronouns can help your Spanish sound more conversational and free flowing. They answer the question “To or for whom is the subject doing something?” So how can you weave indirect object [more…]

Using Technology to Make Solar Cells Affordable
When light hits a solar cell, an electric current is generated. When you punch numbers into a calculator without inserting a battery or plugging it into the wall, you're taking advantage of solar cells [more…]

Using the Four Definite Articles of Spanish
In the number-of-definite-articles game, the Spanish language trumps the English language four to one. What’s more is that the four forms of the Spanish [more…]

Using the Gender-Free Spanish Article Lo
The Spanish article lo (loh) is neuter, meaning it has no gender. So you don’t want to use it to indicate the gender of a subject as you would with its definite and indefinite article counterparts. Here’s [more…]

Using the Preterit Verb Tense in Spanish
The preterit tense in Spanish enables you to put the past behind you. This verb tense describes a completed past action - something that happened yesterday, last night, last week, last year, or at some [more…]

Using the Spanish Preposition Hasta Correctly
The Spanish preposition hasta(ahs-tah) can mean either until or to, depending on the context of a sentence. Although still considered a common Spanish preposition, [more…]

Using the Spanish Subjunctive with Adverbs and Adjectival Clauses
Though the Spanish subjunctive mood expresses doubt, voices impersonal opinions, and sets up conditional actions, that’s not all it’s good for. You also use the subjunctive with some adjectival clauses [more…]

Using Travelers’ Checks in Spanish-Speaking Countries
Travelers’ checks are a safe way to carry your money. One inconvenience of using travelers' checks in Spanish-speaking countries is that you need to find the right place to cash them. Banks do, and many [more…]

Verb Tense Tips in English Grammar
Besides showing the action or state of being in the sentence, the verb also indicates the time the action or “being” took place. By learning about the different kinds of simple, perfect, past, and present [more…]

The Vietnam War Opposition in America Finds Meaning
Had the Vietnam conflict in 1964 been a brushfire, the war in 1967, by comparison, was a raging inferno. The United States had committed more than 365,000 troops to Vietnam by the beginning of 1967, and [more…]

Viewing the Moon's Geology
The entire moon is pockmarked with craters of every size, from microscopic pits to basins hundreds of miles in diameter. The largest is the South Pole-Aitken Basin, which is about 1,600 miles [more…]

Viewing the Vietnam War in Three Ways
The Vietnam War is one of the most controversial and traumatic events in American history. In the 21st century, Americans still bitterly argue about the war. For instance, in the 2004 presidential election [more…]

Visiting the Homeland with Pope John Paul II
The year 1979 was the 900th anniversary of the martyrdom of St. Stanislaus, and Pope John Paul II made it clear that he had every intention of returning to his native Poland [more…]

Vocabulary For Dummies Cheat Sheet
If you use word games and flashcards, improving your vocabulary can be not only fun but key to increasing your general knowledge. Knowing the parts of speech and the meanings of prefixes and suffixes can [more…]

Vocabulary Tip: Prefixes that Mean "Not"
Expanding your vocabulary is made a little easier with tips that help you understand the meaning of new words. A prefix can often offer a clue to a word’s meaning, and in the case of the prefixes in the [more…]

Vocabulary Tips for the ASVAB
The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) has a Word Knowledge subtest, which quizzes you on vocabulary, or word meanings. Vocabulary questions may also appear in the Paragraph Comprehension [more…]

Waking Up to the Enlightenment
In "Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy," an essay included in his 1687 book Principia, Newton wrote:
We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their [more…]

A War with Words: The Role of Conflict in Literature
Conflict is essential to fiction, and so even a short passage for the AP English Literature exam generally depicts at least one instance of unrest. A character's approach to the conflict, as well as its [more…]

Wave Functions for Quantum Harmonic Oscillators
Submicroscopic harmonic oscillators are popular quantum physics problems because harmonic oscillators are relatively simple systems - the force that keeps a particle bound here is proportional to the distance [more…]

Ways to Develop and Improve Your Creative Writing
Here are some top tips for developing your creative writing. No writing is ever a finished product - there are always ways to improve and refine your style. [more…]

Weathering Iraq's Stormy Romance with the West
With some imagination, you may view Jordan as a success story of European meddling. During World War I, the British instigated the Arab Hashemite Bedouin clan of the Arabian Peninsula to revolt and throw [more…]

Web Sites for Building Your Vocabulary
A fun way to build your vocabulary is to visit Web sites that offer word games and word challenges. The following Web sites offer games and lots of links to a variety of word games from hangman and crossword [more…]

What Are Acids, Bases, and pH All About, Anyway?
When studying biology, you must grasp how reactions can form acids or bases, as well as what effect that has on pH. A basic understanding of chemistry is important in biology, because living things are [more…]

What Are Blood Group Antigens All About?
Blood group antigens are carbohydrates that are attached to proteins or lipids. An antigen is a substance foreign to the body that causes an immune response. An [more…]

What Are Stem Cells?
You’ve probably heard about stem cells in the news and may wonder exactly what that scientific term means. Stem cells are the body’s master cells. Stem cells can renew themselves [more…]

What Are the Components of Human Blood?
Blood is the fluid that sustains life. The components of blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Some blood cells carry oxygen [more…]

What Are the Different Types of Energy?
Energy can take several forms - such as heat energy, light energy, electrical energy, and mechanical energy. But two general types of energy are especially important to chemists: kinetic energy and potential [more…]

What Are the Effects of Radiation and Radon?
Radiation can destroy tissue and ionize and fragment cells. Radon is a radioactive isotope that has been linked to increased instances of lung cancer. Radon-222 is formed naturally as part of the decay [more…]

What Causes Heart Disease?
Heart disease is the most common cause of death in the U.S. Maybe that’s because there are so many facets of heart disease. The heart and its accompanying circulatory system can be injured or damaged - [more…]

What Chemists Do and Where They Work
Most chemists operate in two worlds of work. One is the macroscopic world that you see, feel, and touch. Chemists also operate in the microscopic world that you can’t directly see, feel, or touch. [more…]

What Factors Affect the Speed of Chemical Reactions?
Kinetics is the study of the speed of a chemical reaction. Some chemical reactions are fast; others are slow. Sometimes chemists want to speed the slow ones up and slow the fast ones down. [more…]

What Freemasons Do at the Lodge
Freemasons hold their Masonic meetings at a lodge. Lodge meetings happen at regular intervals throughout the year, and they may be conducted for special occasions. [more…]

What Is a Freemason Lodge?
The word lodge really has two meanings to a Freemason. It is both a place where Masonic meetings are held, and a collective term for the members who meet there. So, as weird as it sounds, you could say [more…]

What Is Conspiracism?
In the past two centuries, and particularly in the last 50 years or so, people the world over have embraced conspiracism. When we refer to a conspiracy, [more…]

What Is the Role of Nucleic Acids in Living Things?
Nucleic acids are large molecules that carry tons of small details: all the genetic information. Nucleic acids are found in every living thing - plants, animals, bacteria, viruses, fungi - that uses and [more…]

What Is the Subjunctive Mood?
In any language (Spanish or otherwise), the subjunctive isn’t a tense, which tells when an action took place: present, past, or future. Rather, the subjunctive is a [more…]

What It Means to Be an American Indian (Legally Speaking)
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) came into existence on March 11, 1824, but was then known as the Office of Indian Affairs. The general purpose of the BIA is to manage Indian affairs throughout the United [more…]

What to Ask Before Driving in a Spanish-Speaking Nation
If you're vacationing in a Spanish-speaking country and decide to rent a car, you may want to ask, in Spanish, a few questions about driving conditions. It can save you much time and frustration. Save [more…]

What to Do if You Witness a Crime
Part of forensics is gathering reports from eyewitnesses, and who knows, you may be an eyewitness to a crime. You could be going to the store or a movie, dropping the kids off at school, or sitting at [more…]

What to Do in a Psychological Crisis
Whether you know a lot or not very much about psychology, it’s useful to have some basic ideas of how to help when someone is in a state of panic or extremely angry about something. No matter what your [more…]

What to Expect at a Poetry Slam
Poetry slams are a form of poetry reading that are not for the faint of heart. Poetry slams are, most commonly, competitive readings at which audience reaction, or the reaction of a panel of judges, decides [more…]

What to Expect at a Traditional Spanish Market
Shopping at a traditional Spanish market is a true cultural experience. Spanish markets offer some wonderful bargains (but be prepared to barter) and a unique shopping environment. So, [more…]

What's the Basic Structure of Nerves?
The nervous system sends messages from nerve endings to the brain and from the brain to cells, tissues, and organs. Cells of the nervous system sometimes secrete chemical messengers instead of neurotransmitters [more…]

When Everything Counts: Using Spanish Numbers
After you know the Spanish numbers, you can sound like a native Spanish speaker by paying attention to the nuances of pronouncing and writing the numbers. Here are the rules to remember when using cardinal [more…]

When Superlatives Fail: Exaggerating in Spanish
Spanish speakers love to exaggerate. What to non-Spanish speakers may seem an excessive way to talk to the Spanish-speaking mind simply adds a bit more emphasis. Not only can you compare things, but you [more…]

When to Distribute or Add First in Algebraic Distribution
When performing algebraic distribution, you get the same answer whether you distribute first or add what’s within the parentheses first. Deciding to distribute or add is a judgment call, based on the following [more…]

When to Take the NCLEX-RN Exam
How soon after graduation you take the NCLEX-RN exam is up to you, with some caveats. Some eager-beaver types want to take the test 14 minutes after graduation, while others are still dragging their feet [more…]

When to Use the Spanish Pluperfect and Preterit Perfect Tenses
The pluperfect and preterit tenses in Spanish have identical translations in English. Go figure! So what’s the difference between the pluperfect and preterit tenses? The differences center less on conceptual [more…]

Where to Find Science Research Information
Scientists publish their research information. They must circulate their scientific work, flaws and all, for other scientists to see. Other scientists may be working on similar projects and could benefit [more…]

Who Signed the U.S. Constitution?
The 38 signers of the U.S. Constitution were delegates from the original states who gathered several times and in several places, first drafting the Declaration of Independence, and then, after the colonists [more…]

Whose Side Is the Media On in Politics?
When you're trying to figure out what's going on and which candidate to support, you may wonder whether the media reporting on candidates and issues is reliable. Does the media choose sides in elections [more…]

Why Are Valence Electrons Important?
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom - in the energy level that is farthest away from the nucleus. When chemists study chemical reactions, they study the transfer [more…]

Why You Should (Almost) Never Cancel Your GMAT Score
Immediately after you conclude the GMAT exam and before the computer displays your scores, you're given the option of canceling your scores. You may see this as a blessing if you've had a rough day at [more…]

Why You Should Read Poems Aloud
When you read poetry aloud, read it as though you were delivering the poem to an attentive audience. Why? Here are the three most important reasons you should read poetry aloud: [more…]

Why Young Men Join the Freemasons
Freemasonry has been shrinking for a while, and lodges have been panicking. The Baby Boomers just didn’t join. But young men now are starting to rediscover Freemasonry. This new generation of Masons wants [more…]

Wishing about the Past with the Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive
Spanish uses the pluperfect subjunctive more than English does. If you’ve ever hoped or expected that something had happened, you probably hoped or expected in this verb tense and probably didn’t even [more…]

Wising Up to Weather Words
You hear these words all the time on your local weather forecast: highs and lows and temperatures and pressures and wind chills and humidities and chances of showers and wind speeds and directions. But [more…]

Women's Groups Related to the Freemasons
One of the unshakable tenets of regular, recognized Freemasonry is that it's an organization for men only. Beginning in the mid-1800s, several groups for women related to Freemasons were created, with [more…]

Working with Negative Exponents
Negative exponents are a way of writing powers of fractions or decimals without using a fraction or decimal. You use negative exponents as a way to combine expressions with the same base, whether the different [more…]

Working with Verbs in Arabic
You'll be very pleased to know that verb tenses in Arabic, when compared to other languages, are fairly straightforward. Basically, you only need to be concerned with two proper verb forms: the past and [more…]

World Events of Nostradamus's Day
Nostradamus led a somewhat normal life - he studied and traveled, married and fathered two children, then saw his wife and children fall victim to the plague. He continued to travel and study; remarried [more…]

World History For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Trying to grasp the history of the world may seem more than a bit daunting - all those names! all those dates! That’s when a timeline with the most significant names and dates included comes in really [more…]

World War II Comes to America: Pearl Harbor
Japan's ambassadors delivered the first part of a final Japanese diplomatic note to U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull on December 6, 1941. On the morning of December 7, the final portion of the note [more…]

Writing a Great Query Letter for Getting Your Book Published
One of the steps to getting your book published is to write and send query letters to try to get a literary agent or an editor at a publishing house interested enough in your book to sign you as a client [more…]

Writing a Novel and Getting Published For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Novel writing is a most rewarding but challenging experience (even for seasoned authors). Keep this checklist by your side as you finish off your writing and start to approach publishers. [more…]

Writing a Sonnet
Learn to write a sonnet in iambic pentameter, just like Shakespeare did. Discover the rhythm and rhyme scheme of the quatrains and couplets that make up a Shakespearean sonnet. [more…]

Writing Act I of Your Screenplay
Every act in the three-act structure has a set of tasks to accomplish. The first act serves as your audience's introduction to the entire world of the script - people, places, time frame, and all. Remember [more…]

Writing an Essay for a Study Abroad Program
If your university abroad requires you to write a personal essay or statement for your application (some don't!), doing so isn't as big a deal as those essays you wrote for admission to college - unless [more…]

Writing Children’s Books For Dummies Cheat Sheet
As you explore writing children’s books, you enter a different world, one filled with book formats - from board books to young adult novels - and a whole different set of rules to follow and restrictions [more…]

Writing Fiction For Dummies Cheat Sheet
Writing fiction is fun, and also full of challenges. A good way to work through the challenges is to outline the histories of your characters, which helps you present them more clearly to readers. Another [more…]

Writing in French with Masculine and Feminine Nouns
A basic, singular noun refers to just one of something: a book, the cheese, my house. In English, that's about all there is to know about singular nouns. French, however, adds a little more to it: Every [more…]

Writing Information in an LSAT Logic Game Board
To solve logic games in the Analytical Reasoning section of the LSAT, you need to set up a game board, which offers a way to quickly write down all the information in the problem for easy reference. The [more…]

Writing Poetry
Millions of people have tried their hand at writing poetry. Often, people turn to writing verse at times of great emotion, insight, or need. And many people who always loved poetry think about writing [more…]

Writing Your First Draft
Writing a first draft of your creative writing project - whether a novel, short story, poem or play - can be a bit daunting. Follow these handy hints to help you organise your thoughts and manage your [more…]

Your Body’s Systems
Your body is made up of many systems, each having their own vital parts that work together. This list represents your bodily systems and the specific parts that comprise them: [more…]

Your Civil Rights and the Law: Looking at the Patriot Act
Since the tragedies of September 11, 2001, the privacy of every American citizen is in greater jeopardy than ever. The reason for this vulnerability is that, in a rush to prevent future acts of terrorism [more…]

Youth Groups Affiliated with Freemasonry
Freemasons encourage young people to become involved in their rituals. Over the years Freemasons have started several groups for young people. You need to have a Masonic connection to join the Order of [more…]

Zoom Functions on the TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator
Z is for zoom, on a TI-83 Plus graphing calculator. In addition to helping you design a graph, your TI-83 Plus calculator can zoom into a section and redraw a graph to meet different criteria. Discover [more…]

E

Education (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/education

englische-briefe

(E?)(L1) http://www.englische-briefe.de/
ist das deutsch-englische Wörterbuch u. Nachschlagewerk im Internet für englische Briefe, E-Mails u. Faxe:
Die gängigsten Formulierungen u. Mustersätze für Business English.
Auf diesen Seiten finden Sie eine Zusammenstellung der wichtigsten Floskeln und Tipps für englische Korrespondenz - ideal um schnell: ein Fax, einen Brief oder eine E-Mail auf Englisch zu verfassen.
Die Plattform im Internet für englische Korrespondenz

englisch-hilfen
Englisch-Hilfen

englishweb

(E?)(L?) http://www.englishweb.de/
Informations- und Serviceportal rund um die englische Sprache und englischsprachige Länder.
Informationen und Datenbanken zu E-Learning, um Englisch zuhause am Computer zu lernen, zu Sprachkursen, zu Sprachreisen und Nachhilfeunterricht.
Anleitungen zum Erstellen von Geschäftsbriefen für GB und die USA; Auflistung international gebräuchlicher Job-Titel und Business-Zitate;
Anschreiben und Lebenslauf in Englisch;
Wissenswertes über englischsprachige Länder, Informationen über US-Visa/Green Card und bald auch noch Reiseangebote;

english-zone - the BEST English-Learner's site on the 'Net!

(E?)(L?) http://www.english-zone.com/

GRAMMAR ZONE: Adjectives & Adverbs | Articles & Determiners | Clauses | Comparatives & Superlatives | Conditionals | Confusing Words | Gerunds & Infinitives | Grammar Blast | Nouns | Numbers
IDIOM ZONE: Animal Idioms | Body Idioms | Dictionary of Idioms | Food Idioms | Relationship Idioms
READING ZONE: 1. Easy Level Reading | 2. Intermediate Level Reading | 3. Advanced Level Reading | Aesop's Fables | Poems | The Monkey's Paw
SPELLING ZONE: Adding Word Endings | Capitalization | Comparatives & Superlatives | Contractions | Punctuation | Spelling Practice
VERB ZONE: BE Verb | Gerunds & Infinitives | Irregular Verbs | Modals & Auxiliary Verbs | Passive Voice | Phrasal Verbs | Subject-Verb Agreement | Tag Questions | Verb Tenses
WRITING ZONE: Paragraph Writing | Parts of a Story | Write-A-Story
BASIC SKILLS ZONE: Basic Skills Testing | Calendar & Dates | Charts & Graphs | Health | Map Reading & Traffic Signs | Money | Special Reading Skills | Time
DICTIONARIES: Dictionary of Idioms | Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs | Dictionary of Preposition Combinations
FUN STUFF ZONE: Activities | Easy-to-Understand Jokes | Funny Pictures | Games | Language Fun | Win a Million Bananas!
HOLIDAYS: 01 January | 02 February | 03 March | 04 April | 05 May | 06 June | 07 July | 08 August | 09 September | 10 October
PRONUNCIATION ZONE: Printable Pronunciation Worksheets
STUDY SKILLS ZONE: Exam Tips | Note-Taking Tips | Study Tips
TEACHER ZONE: Forms and Rubrics | In-Class Games and Activities | Language Fun | Life Skills | Oral Drills | Printable Grammar Worksheets | Printable Pronunciation Worksheets
VOCABULARY ZONE: 1. Easy Level Vocabulary | 2. Intermediate Level Vocabulary | 3. Advanced Level Vocabulary | Printable Vocabulary Lists | Vocabulary Games
COMMUNICATE: CONVERSATION ZONE
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions: Get the answers to all your questions here.
About This Site | Account Information | AOL User Information | Copyright and Linking Questions | English Language Questions | Membership Questions | Other Questions | Password Problems | Technical Questions
LINKS: Grammar Links | Idiom and Proverb Links | Interesting Language Links | Language Game Links | Language Schools and Programs | Listening Links | Math Links | Reading Links | Spelling Links | Teachers: Job Links
OTHER: Visit the BOOK STORE

eslcafe

(E?)(L?) http://www.eslcafe.com/
General Site / free

F

Factmonster

(E?)(L?) http://www.factmonster.com/
is targeted at kids who need information for their homework, but it's actually a good resource for simple texts for learners of English as well

ftd
Listen and improve your english skills

(E?)(L?) www.ftd.de/div/podcast/business-english

13.12. Business English China's elite have new international outlook
12.12. Business English We all deserve to be told the terrible truth
09.12. Tip of the week: Relative Pronouns
09.12. Business English China struggles to stay on the right path
08.12. Defence industry faces a tough decade
08.12. Business English Visions of mobility in the megacity
07.12. Business English Rare earth challenge for Germany
06.12. Business English Indonesian boom highlights infrastructure crisis
06.12. Forget "doing the math" and stick to proper English
06.12. Business English US goes public with spying frustrations
05.12. Business English Stick to the rules and abusing your colleagues is OK
01.12. Sterile spot provides ideal base for the search for life
01.12. Business English Destination Dubai
30.11. Business English Robots to remain back-seat drivers
Goldman proud to bring yuppies to Harlem
28.11. Business English New rules for the succession are a right royal mistake
25.11. Tip of the week: Reflexive Pronouns
25.11. Business English iPod sales drop off, but Apple still leads
24.11. Texas cattle industry withered by drought
23.11. Business English Liquid experimentation
22.11. BlackBerry blackout left me happily unlinked
22.11. Business English Trilingual taglines target multilingual consumers
21.11. Business English America, put that in your pipe and smoke it
18.11. Tip of the week: Personal Pronouns (continued) - it
17.11. Times grow harder for the US working man
16.11. Business English Restlessness of a new generation
15.11. Coofs, xylocarps and the noble glory of crosswords
11.11. Tip of the week: Personal Pronouns
11.11. Business English China's high-speed rail plans falter
Irish golf industry lands in the rough
10.11. Business English A last-minute step back from the market
08.11 Africa struggles to control a prolific killer
04.11. Tip of the week: Imaginary friends
03.11. Pretenders to power can be the most disagreeable
01.11. US manufacturers feel weight of baby boomers
28.10. Tip of the week: Imaginary friends
27.10. China's property boom fuels romantic revolution
25.10. Panama Canal upgrade sparks US ports battle
21.10. Tip of the week: False Friends (continued)
20.10. Been there, done that - bought the T-Shirt
18.10. Need age diversity really mean unhappy workplaces?
Tip of the week: False Friends
13.10. Poverty crisis in US gambling paradise
11.10. Ravers bring hope to Nevada ghost town
07.10. Tip of the week: Superlatives
06.10. Beekeeping becomes the new buzz
04.10. Six little words and a very big question
30.09. Tip of the week: Emphasising differences
29.09. London gets a taste for street cuisine
27.09. Insecurity troubles Indonesia´s middle class
23.09. Tip of the week: Forming comporatives
The tough-talking Texan with his sights on the White House
20.09. Guatemala fights unequal contest with cartels
16.09. Tip of the week: Than and as (continued)
15.09. Brazil´s tale of two middle classes
13.09. Unrequited love and corporate idiocy
09.09. Tip of the week: Than and as
08.09. Britain burns the colour of "A Clockwork Orange"
06.09. Unrequited love and corporate idiocy
02.09. Tip of the week: So and such
01.09. Is the costumer always right?
Warming up for a battle over Arctic resources
26.08. Tip of the week: Question tags and intonation
25.08. Austerity budget threatens crimefighters
23.08. New York set for boom in gay weddings
19.08. Tip of the week: Question tags
16.08. India's men see skincare as fair game
12.08. Tip of the week: Few and little
11.08. You've got mail but you need to get your life back
09.08. Europe`s cheap chic brands feel the pinch
Tip of the week: Many and much
04.08. China´s women show taste for fast cars and whisky
02.08. Smoking ads are more about class than compassion
29.07. Tip of the week: Countable and uncountable nouns II
28.07. China's bathrooms hint at future world order
26.07. Tokyo prepares for second exodus of foreigners
22.07. Tip of the week: Countable and uncountable nouns I
21.07. The path to happiness runs through the office
19.07. The wonders worked by womanhood
15.07. Tip of the week: Reported Speech
Papering over the recession
08.07. Tip of the week: Present Tense II
07.07. A new ball game for Ronaldo
05.07. Despite the offer, I won't fill in for DSK
01.07. Tip of the week: Present Tense
30.06. The boring names of CEOs
28.06. Terrorist cells need to be lucky only ones
24.06. Tip of the week: When
23.06. France challenges Italy with border checks
21.06. Lapses in the US air traffic control raise alarm over fatigue
Tip of the week: Must
16.06. I´ve taken bribes and would do it again
14.06. Writung on the wall for costumer care
10.06. Tip of the week: Try
09.06. Space shuttle leaves trail of opportunity
07.06. Dating tips for the lovelorn stats nerd
03.06. Tip of the week: Own
02.06. Former city of spies welcomes big spenders
31.05. Democrats gain demographic edge in US
27.05. Tip of the week: Present Perfect IV
Finns get steamed up making contacts
24.05. Sweden tries to solve nuclear storage problem
20.05. Tip of the week: Present Perfect III
19.05. US farmers flourish as grain prices soar
17.05. Pen and paper: the forgotten management tool
13.05. Tip of the week: Present Perfect II
12.05. Greenland shows off its mining potential
10.05. Portugal's desperate generation cries out
06.05. Tip of the week: Present Perfect I
05.05. Putting Brands on Facebook

Erstellt: 2011-11

G

globalenglish

(E?)(L?) http://www.globalenglish.com/
General Site / commercial

H

heinle

(E?)(L?) http://nhd.heinle.com/
Newbury House - einfache Mustersätze

I

J

K

L

learn (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/learn

learnenglish
Learn English

(E?)(L?) http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/

Welcome to LearnEnglish

Learn English online with the help of this free website from the British Council with games, stories, listening activities and grammar exercises. You can search for your favourites, or have a look at the site map to find out where everything is.

You will find lots of new listening activities and video content in Listen & Watch. We also have a new Grammar section and new IELTS exam practice materials. We are currently moving content over to our Business & Work section from our sister site LearnEnglish Professionals.

You can contact us if you have a question or want to report any problems. Become a member and you can add comments to the site and ask questions to get help with your English. Don't forget to sign up for our newsletter.

Erstellt: 2011-11

Linfield College

(E?)(L?) http://www.linfield.edu

LOGOphon

(E?)(L?) http://www.logophon.de/
Fremdsprachenqualifikationen - Prüfungsvorbereitungsmaterial - Englischtests - Grammatik - Landeskunde - Konversation

M

magneticpoetry

(E?)(L?) http://www.magneticpoetry.com/

N

O

oneacross

(E?)(L?) http://www.oneacross.com/
ein Vokabel-Assistent für englische Kreuzworträtsel

P

peakenglish

(E?)(L?) http://www.peakenglish.com/
General Site / commercial

Pupil (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.bugbios.com/ced4/etymology.html
Der engl. "Pupil" = "Schüler", "Student" geht zurück auf lat. "pupus" = "Bübchen".

Q

R

S

schule

(E?)(L?) http://www.englisch.schule.de/www.htm
zahlreiche Projekte zum Englischunterricht

Snob (W3)

Der "Snob" entsprang den Studentenregistern von Oxford un denen der Zusatz "s.nob" = "sine nobilitate" = "ohne Adel" bedeutete.
Die heutige - fast gegensätzliche - Bedeutung "eingebildeter Mensch" dürfte vor dem Hintergrund zu sehen sein, dass die Adligen die Bürgerlichen nicht gern in ihrer Mitte sahen und "Snob" als Schimpfwort benutzten für jemanden der mehr sein wollte, als ihm zustand.

(E2)(L2) http://www.blueprints.de/wortschatz/
Snob (lateinisch, "sine nobilitate", "ohne adlige Gesinnung"), Der Begriff "Snob" entstand in der Zeit, als der Adel noch von großer Wichtigkeit war. Zu dieser Zeit bezeichnete man Menschen, die Statussymbole des Adels benutzten, ohne zum Adel zu gehören, als "Snob".

Heute bezeichnen wir als "Snob" einen blasierten, vornehm tuenden Mensch. "Snobismus" ist die geistige Haltung und das Benehmen eines "Snobs".

(© blueprints Team)

(E?)(L1) http://www.geo.de/GEO/community/frage_der_woche
Zwei Varianten scheinen plausibel: ...
Eine andere These geht davon aus, dass sich die Blaublütler von den Normalsterblichen unterscheiden wollten, indem sie sie als "Snobs" diffamierten. "Snobs" hießen im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert Schuhmacher und Flickschuster. Den adligen Studenten von Oxford und Cambridge galten sämtliche bürgerlichen Kommilitonen als Snobs.

(E?)(L?) http://caro2bb.spaces.msn.com/feed.rss
Cependant lorsqu'on retrace l'étymologie du terme, on constate que la définition initiale du terme "snob" est à l'opposée de l'utilisation moderne qu'on fait du mot.

Spotlight

(E3)(L1) http://www.spotlight-online.de/
interaktiv Englisch lernen
Die im Spotlight Verlag erscheinende Zeitschrift "Spotlight" hat zunächst den Anspruch, deutschsprachigen Lernenden die englische Sprache zu vermitteln. Aber die Inhalte sind auch für fortgeschrittene englisch Sprechende und meines Erachtens selbst für Engländer oder Amerikaner interessant.
Der etymologische Aspekt wird nicht gezielt hervorgehoben, allerdings finden sich in jedem Heft auch einige Randbemerkungen, die den etymologischen Aspekt eines Wortes behandeln.

spoton

(E?)(L?) http://www.spoton.de/
Englischtest unter 'Fit in English'

sprachenmarkt

(E?)(L?) http://www.sprachenmarkt.de/
Für

Deutsch
Englisch
Französisch
Spanisch

gibt es jeden Tag einen Newsletter mit der Erklärung eines Wortes.
14-tägig Neuigkeiten, etymologischen Hinweisen, Tipps und Tricks beim Sprachenlernen

stanford

(E?)(L?) http://www.stanford.edu

T

Toastmasters

(E?)(L?) http://www.toastmasters.org/
kurze Ansprachen

TU Chemnitz - The Internet Grammar

(E?)(L?) http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/phil/InternetGrammar
hilft grammatische Wissenslücken aufzufinden und zu verkleinern; ein kostenloser Account gibt Zugang zu Übungsaufgaben; Zeitformen und Konditional-Konstruktionen; Worte und Redewendungen;

U

usingenglish
Resources for English as a Second Language

(E?)(L?) http://www.usingenglish.com/

Resources for English as a Second Language
UsingEnglish.com provides a large collection of English as a Second Language (ESL) tools & resources for students, teachers, learners and academics. Browse our grammar glossary and references of irregular verbs, phrasal verbs and idioms, ESL forums, articles, teacher handouts and printables, and find useful links and information on English. Topics cover the spectrum of ESL, EFL, ESOL, and EAP subject areas.

English Language Reference: English Idioms | English Phrasal Verbs | English Irregular Verbs | Grammar Glossary ESL Tests: English Quizzes | Language Tests | Reading Comprehension | Language Polls | ESL Question Bank ESL Articles: English Usage Articles | ESL Weblog | TDOL's Language Blog | Speaking Out | ESL Teacher Resources | Teacher Handouts & Printables | PDF Lesson Plans & Worksheets | TESOL Forum News | Sites for Teachers | Teacher Articles ESL Discussion Forums: Ask an English Teacher... | English Language (ESL) Forum Tools & Resources: Text Analysis & Statistics | Check a Word's Grammar and Usage | Essay Samples | Software Downloads | ESL Web Directory

(E?)(L?) http://www.usingenglish.com/articles/

Articles & Notes on The English Language

Articles written about English language learning, teaching and usage, giving descriptions and explanations for some of the more common problem areas. We currently have 72 articles available.

English Grammar Usage Articles & Notes (26)
Articles dealing with English grammar and English language usage topics

Adjectives that look like adverbs - A list of English adjectives that look like adverbs
Agreeing and Disagreeing- So do I, Neither do I, etc - The rules for using So do I and Neither do I, etc.
All & Whole - The differences in usage between all and whole.
Beside & besides - The differences in usage between beside and besides.
Dangling Modifiers - What is a dangling modifier?
Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar - A look at the prescriptive and descriptive approaches to English grammar.
English Conditionals: An Introduction - Everything you need to know about English Conditionals.
English Conditionals: First Conditional - How to use the first conditional in English
English Conditionals: Second Conditional - How to use the second conditional in English
English Conditionals: Third Conditional - How to use the third conditional in English
English Conditionals: Zero Conditional - How to use the zero conditional in English
Enough - What is the correct word order with 'enough'?
For & Since - What's the difference between 'for' and 'since'?
How to use the adverb 'highly' - Collocations with 'Highly' How to use the adverb 'highly' in English.
Number of - When to use a singular or a plural verb with the word 'number'.
Order of Adjectives - The correct order for adjectives before a noun.
Rather - Learn how to use 'rather' in English.
Relative Clauses - Part 1 - The use of relative pronouns in relatives clauses
Relative Clauses - Part 2 - The use and omission of relative pronouns in relatives clauses
The Use of BY + Agent in the Passive Voice - A look at when to use BY with the passive.
The Use of By + Until - When should you use 'by' and 'until'?.
Types of Sentences - Learn about Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences.
Using 'Shall' in British English - Learn about the use of 'shall' in British English.
Using 'Wish' in English - A look at how to use the verb 'wish'.
Whether and If - A look at when to use 'whether' and when to use 'if'.
While & During - What is the difference between 'while' and 'during'?
English Language Examinations (13)
Articles looking at how to teach or study for ESL exams

100 Ways to Improve your TOEIC Listening - 100 tips to help you with the TOEIC Listening Part One (Photographs)
100 ways to improve your TOEIC score - Tips for getting a better result in the TOEIC
21 ways to get more out of your TOEIC class - Here are 21 ideas on how you can make sure that you really learn a lot in your TOEIC class.
Choosing a good TOEIC class and TOEIC teacher - 20 questions that you should ask before choosing a TOEIC course.
IELTS Academic Reading Tips for Students- Matching headings to paragraphs task - Ideas for studying for question 3 of the IELTS Academic Reading Paper
IELTS Academic Reading Tips for Teachers- Locating information task - Ideas for teaching the IELTS Academic Reading Paper
IELTS Academic Reading Tips for Teachers- Matching headings to paragraphs task - Ideas for teaching question 3 of the IELTS Academic Reading Paper
Test your knowledge of the TOEIC Listening (for Students and Teachers) - True & False statements about the TOEIC listening with answers to examine your knowledge of this part of the exam
The 24 hours before your TOEIC exam - What you can usefully do before the TOEIC exam
TOEIC Exam Problems and Solutions - Suggestions for problems that TOEIC students often ask about.
TOEIC FAQs - Frequently asked questions about the TOEIC exam with answers
TOEIC Listening Part One Tips for Students- Photographs - Tips for TOEIC learners about the photograph part of the Listening paper
TOEIC Listening Part One Tips for Teachers- Photographs - Tips for TOEIC teachers about the photograph part of the Listening paper
Learning English (17)
Articles on how to learn English successfully

70 ways to improve your English - 70 practical tips for improving your English
Becoming Fluent in Speaking and Writing English - A look at how you can improve your reading and writing skills in English.
English Pronunciation - Test your knowledge of accent reduction
English Pronunciation for the ESL Learner - A look at ways in which learners can improve their pronunciation.
How to Master the English Language - A learner looks at how he learned English.
Read, Listen and then Pronounce - Understanding principles of learning can be as important for students as for teachers - especially adult learners.
Speak English with Body Language - A look at the importance of non-verbal communication.
Which is the most difficult language? - A look at whether one language can be said to be the hardest to learn
Why does my teacher make me learn English grammar words? - Do learners need to know grammar terms?
Why does my teacher make me learn the phonemic script? - Good and bad reasons for your teacher wanting you to learn the phonemic script
Why does my teacher make me read silently? - Why doesn’t my teacher make or let us read aloud?
Why does my teacher make me use an English-English Dictionary? - What's wrong with bilingual dictionaries?
Why does my teacher make us read difficult authentic texts? - Is it necessary to read authentic texts?
Why does my teacher make us work in pairs? - The two biggest disagreements between teachers and students all over the world on how it is best to study English in class are about the amount of error correction and the amount of pairwork.
Why does my teacher skip exercises in the textbook? - One of the ESL classroom mysteries explained
Why does my teacher use games in an adult class? - Do games have a place in an adult ESL class?
Why doesn’t my teacher correct all my mistakes when I am speaking? - A teacher's view some possible answers to a question commonly asked by ESL learners
Punctuation (4)
Articles on how to punctuate in English

Apostrophes - Learn about the use of the Apostrophe in English.
Comma Splices - What is a comma splice and how can it be avoided?
The Colon - How to use the colon in English.
The Semi-Colon - How to use the semi-colon in English.
Spelling (4)
Articles looking at English spelling, including the differences between British English and American English variants

Making Adverbs from Adjectives ending in '-le' - How to make an adverb from an adjective ending in -le.
Spelling Plural Nouns - A look at the rules for making nouns plural in English.
Spelling- Nouns and Verbs ending '-y' - A look at the rules for verbs and nouns ending -y.
Verbs ending '-e' - A look at the spelling rules for verbs that end with the letter 'e'.
General Articles (8)
General English Language Articles

Concordancers - A summary of what a concordancer does, and how it can be used.
Grice's Conversational Maxims - The Gricean maxims
Linguistic Predictions - How will English develop in the future?
Mockney, Estuary and Cockney English - What is Estuary English and how is it related to Cockney English?
NATO Phonetic Alphabet - The NATO Phonetic Alphabet is used as a way of spelling words
Tips for using your Grammar Checker - A look at some of the issues with grammar checkers
What is Offshore English? - What is Offshore English and why are native speakers learning it?
Word Frequency Analysis as a Way to improve writing quality - A look at how using word frequency software can help improve your writing
More English Articles
These articles are in PDF format for which you will need to download Adobe Reader.

Bring & Take - How to use these verbs in English.
Inchoative verbs - A practical list of inchoative verbs in English.
Modals of Possibility - Understanding how could, might and may are used to express possibility.
Learning Vocabulary - Some suggestions about learning vocabulary

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vokabular

(E?)(L2) http://www.vokabular.ch/
Vokabular und Grammatik online lernen.
schnell, effizient und gratis!
..nur lernen müssen Sie selbst.

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vokabel
Vokabellernen

Basiswortschatz [ ca. 1500 Vokabeln ]
Erweiterter Grundwortschatz [ 7400 Vokabeln ]
Basisverben [ 1430 Vokabeln ]
Sätze und Redewendungen [ 3225 Vokabeln ]
Gesamtwortschatz [ 157502 Vokabeln ]

Erstellt: 2010-11

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Buecher zur Kategorie:

Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Lernen, Apprendre, Learning

amazon - Lernen, Apprendre, Learning

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Blöhdorn, Lars M. (Autor), Denise Hodgson-Möckel (Autor)
Englisch für Dummies

(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/3527705473/etymologporta-20
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/3527705473/etymologety0f-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/3527705473/etymologetymo-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/3527705473/etymologety0d-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3527705473/etymologpor09-20
Taschenbuch: 414 Seiten
Verlag: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; Auflage: 1. Auflage (19. Mai 2010)
Sprache: Deutsch

Kurzbeschreibung
"Englisch für Dummies" bietet einen leichten und unterhaltsamen Einstieg in die englische Sprache. Zunächst verraten die Autoren, wie Sie englische Wörter richtig aussprechen und betonen und führen Sie auch in die Grundlagen der englischen Grammatik ein. Dann wird es praktisch, denn jedes Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit einer Alltagssituation: Sie lernen, wie Sie sich auf Englisch vorstellen, im Restaurant bestellen oder nach dem Weg fragen. Sie finden sich in einer typischen Büroumgebung wieder und vereinbaren Termine, mieten eine Wohnung an oder buchen eine Flugreise. Aber auch Ihre Freizeit kommt nicht zu kurz: Sie gehen mit Freunden aus, kaufen ein, sprechen über Ihre Hobbys und machen Sport. Dabei nehmen Sie immer die jeweils wichtigsten Sätze, Umschreibungen und Begriffe auf und bekommen nebenbei viele Informationen zum Alltag und zur Kultur in den USA und in Großbritannien. Am Ende jedes Kapitels gibt es kleine Übungen, mit denen Sie Ihre erworbenen Sprachkenntnisse selbst überprüfen können. Im Anhang des Buches finden Sie Verbtabellen und ein kleines Englisch-Deutsch-/Deutsch-Englisch-Wörterbuch. Auf der beiliegenden CD gibt es die Dialoge aus dem Buch zum Anhören und Nachsprechen.

Über den Autor
Dr. Lars M. Blöhdorn ist Sprachwissenschaftler und lebt mit seiner Familie am Rande der Hauptstadt des schönsten Bundeslandes der Welt (Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein). An der dortigen Universität unterrichtet er englische Sprachwissenschaft und Sprachpraxis (hauptsächlich Grammatik und Wortschatz). Denise Hodgson-Möckel kam vor 30 Jahren von New York City nach Kiel, wo sie seitdem Englisch unterrichtet. Sie hat mit ihrem Mann Frank und mit mehr oder weniger Grammatik drei Kinder großgezogen.

Erstellt: 2010-09

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Honey, Lucy (Autor) / Hormann, Elizabeth (Autor)
Englisch lernen mit The Grooves
Business World [Audiobook] (Audio CD)

(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/3897475898/etymologporta-20
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/3897475898/etymologety0f-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/3897475898/etymologetymo-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/3897475898/etymologety0d-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3897475898/etymologpor09-20
Audio CD
Verlag: Digital Publishing; Auflage: 1 (April 2006)
Sprache: Englisch, Deutsch

Kurzbeschreibung
Audio CD - ca. 60 Min. mit 32 S. Textheft Vokabeln und Grammatik. Mit den coolen Pop & Jazz Sounds der Grooves lernen Sie smarte Sprüche für's Business im Speziellen und das Leben im Allgemeinen. Zum Auffrischen und Vertiefen. Business World eignet sich für Fortgeschrittene und solche, die es werden wollen.

Der Verlag über das Buch
The Grooves ist ein ganz neues Genre in der Kategorie Sprachlernprogramme. Die einzigartige Mischung aus Hörbuch, Musik und Sprachtrainer verspricht puren Lerngenuss. The Grooves sind der bekannte Schauspieler und Sprecher Dieter Brandecker, die besten Profisprecher und viele internationale Spitzen-Musiker. Lächeln erlaubt: "Lernen funktioniert am Besten bei guter Laune", bestätigt auch der renommierte Hirnforscher und Autor wissenschaftlicher Bestseller Prof. Manfred Spitzer. Wenn man lacht oder ein Liedchen pfeift, sendet das Gehirn Impulse aus, die Glückshormone produzieren. Und wer fröhlich ist, ist aufnahmefähiger. Das heißt: Mit The Grooves lernt man gut gelaunt und deshalb schneller und nachhaltiger! Der unterhaltsame Loop: The Grooves hat den Unterhaltungswert einer Musik-CD, die man sich gerne mehrmals anhört. Durch die Wiederholungen und die abgeschlossenen kleinen Geschichten bilden sich im Gehirn Gedächtnisspuren. So wird das Gelernte gut abgespeichert. Sprache + Musik = leichter lernen: Zwischen Sprache und Musik besteht ein enger Zusammenhang, denn für beides ist dasselbe neuronale Netzwerk im Gehirn zuständig. Töne und Worte werden ganz einfach miteinander verbunden. Denken Sie nur an das Phänomen des Ohrwurms: Sie hören im Radio ein Lied und können den Refrain und die Melodie noch ewig mitsingen! Werbeslogans prägen sich ein, ohne dass man es will: Mit Musik! Am Anfang war das Lied: Dafür gibt es zahllose Beispiele. Die "Songlines" der Ureinwohner Australiens sind eine Art gesungener Landkarte, mittelalterliche Dichtung wurde von "Mund zu Ohr" überliefert. Und Kinder merken sich im Zusammenhang mit Melodien ellenlange Texte und komplizierte grammatische Regeln, ohne sie bewusst zu "lernen".

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Stubbings, Frank (Autor)
Bedders, Bulldogs & Bedells
A Cambridge Glossary

(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521479789/etymologporta-20
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521479789/etymologety0f-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521479789/etymologetymo-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.it/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521479789/etymologporta-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521479789/etymologety0d-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0521479789/etymologpor09-20
Taschenbuch: 138 Seiten
Verlag: Cambridge University Press; Auflage: Revised, Enlarg. (27. Januar 1995)
Sprache: Englisch

Über das Produkt
This is a new edition of Dr Stubbings' "Bedders, Bulldogs and Bedells: A Cambridge ABC", first published by the author in 1991. It has now been revised, enlarged by a number of new entries, and adorned with a selection of illustrations. Like the first edition, the book aims to explain the many special words and usages current in the Cambridge academic milieu.

Erstellt: 2011-02

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Urmes, Dietmar
Take it easy
Besseres Englisch in schnellen Schritten
Etymologische Lerntricks und grammatische Faustregeln

(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/3937715304/etymologporta-20
(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/3937715304/etymologety0f-21
(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/3937715304/etymologetymo-21
(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/3937715304/etymologety0d-21
(E?)(L?) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3937715304/etymologpor09-20
marixverlag
471 Seiten
Sprache: Deutsch
Broschiert
Erscheinungsdatum: Januar 2004

Englisch lernen mit etymologischen Beispielen.

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Weston, Lynn / Halsall, Eleanor / Bye, Chris / Hodge, Georgina / Williams, Helga / Browne, O'Brien
Business English Intensivtraining
6 CDs und Begleitbuch

(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/3468215134/etymologporta-20
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/3468215134/etymologety0f-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/3468215134/etymologetymo-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/3468215134/etymologety0d-21
(E?)(L1) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3468215134/etymologpor09-20
(Lernmaterialien) [Audiobook] (Audio CD)
Verlag: Langenscheidt (Februar 2004)

Aus der Amazon.de-Redaktion
"Let's talk business", sagt man im Englischen, wenn Tacheles geredet werden soll. Zur Sache geht es auch in den insgesamt 60 Dialogen dieses Sprachkurses, der auf die wichtigsten Gesprächssituationen in der internationalen Geschäftswelt vorbereitet.

Ein forscher amerikanischer Firmenchef präsentiert sein neuestes Produkt in Europa; ein leicht verklemmter englischer Jungmanager kämpft auf einer USA-Reise mit pingeligen Zollbeamten und miesem Service im Hotel; eine Deutsche trifft in Manchester ihre neuen Kollegen und getraut sich kaum, sie gleich mit Vornamen anzusprechen.

Im Anschluss an die Dialoge wird das Gehörte in mündlichen Übungen vertieft. Diese sind zum Teil recht drillartig ausgefallen, und während simples Nachsprechen Lernern mit geringen Vorkenntnissen eine gewisse Sicherheit geben mag, dürften Fortgeschrittene bald einmal dazu übergehen, eigene Antworten zu improvisieren.

Oder sie arbeiten den umfangreichen Themenwortschatz auf, der im Begleitbuch (in dem auch sämtliche Dialoge stehen) manche hilfreiche Business-Floskel bereithält: Findet ein Verhandlungspartner Ihr Angebot "a bit pricey", so will er den Preis drücken. Und mit "Could you give me a run-down?" bittet man darum, in einer Angelegenheit auf den neuesten Stand gebracht werden.

Das Basismodell Langenscheidt Business English Intensivtraining wurde hier lediglich um das Kapitel "Vortrag, Präsentation, Moderation" erweitert. Am Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis -- was heißt das eigentlich auf Englisch? -- ändert das nichts. "The choice is yours."
Patrick Fischer

Kurzbeschreibung
In kürzester Zeit sprachlich fit für den Job!
Hör- und Sprechtraining der wichtigsten Business-Themen auf fünf CDs: Telefonieren, Small Talk, Geschäftsreisen, Meetings, Verhandlungen
Wendungen und Satzbeispiele in authentischen Dialogszenen
Britisches und amerikanisches Englisch
Alle Hörtexte sind im Begleitbuch (160 S.) mit der deutschen Übersetzung und dem Business-Wortschatz abgedruckt
In kürzester Zeit sprachlich fit für den Job!

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1-language.com Online ESL Center

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Apple polisher, Apple-polisher (W3)

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BBC's learning English area Learning English Language Bank

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bellenglish

BUSINESS ENGLISH

business-spotlight Business Spotlight Business-Englisch Newsletter Word of the Day

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englisch-hilfen Englisch-Hilfen

english-standard

englishpage

englishpractice

englishweb

english-zone - the BEST English-Learner's site on the 'Net!

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Factmonster

ftd Listen and improve your english skills

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globalenglish

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learn (W3)

learnenglish Learn English

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LOGOphon

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TU Chemnitz - The Internet Grammar

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vokabular

vokabel Vokabellernen

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Buecher zur Kategorie:

amazon - Lernen, Apprendre, Learning

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B

Blöhdorn, Lars M. (Autor), Denise Hodgson-Möckel (Autor) Englisch für Dummies

C

D

E

F

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BBC's learning English area
Learning English
Language Bank

business-spotlight
Business Spotlight
Business-Englisch
Newsletter
Word of the Day

darwincountry
Darwin Country

Diligence
Diligenz (W3)

dummies
Education & Languages

englisch-hilfen
Englisch-Hilfen

ftd
Listen and improve your english skills

learnenglish
Learn English

usingenglish
Resources for English as a Second Language

vokabel
Vokabellernen

Blöhdorn, Lars M. (Autor), Denise Hodgson-Möckel (Autor)
Englisch für Dummies

Honey, Lucy (Autor) / Hormann, Elizabeth (Autor)
Englisch lernen mit The Grooves
Business World [Audiobook] (Audio CD)

Stubbings, Frank (Autor)
Bedders, Bulldogs & Bedells
A Cambridge Glossary

Urmes, Dietmar
Take it easy
Besseres Englisch in schnellen Schritten
Etymologische Lerntricks und grammatische Faustregeln

Weston, Lynn / Halsall, Eleanor / Bye, Chris / Hodge, Georgina / Williams, Helga / Browne, O'Brien
Business English Intensivtraining
6 CDs und Begleitbuch